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Developmental Psych > Ch 9 > Flashcards

Ch 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

a new way of thinking about oneself that emerges in adolescence

A

identity

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2
Q

What believed that identity can be viewed as a structure of beliefs, abilities, and past experiences regarding the self

A

James Marcia

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3
Q

Marcia defined Eriksons work and said what

A
  • a sexual orientation
  • a set of values and ideals
  • a vocational direction
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4
Q

What is Marcias four difference identity statuses

A
  • diffusion
  • foreclosure
  • moratorium
  • acheivment
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5
Q

confusion and little progress

A

diffusion

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6
Q

status determined by adults not by personal exploration

A

foreclosure

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7
Q

exploring alternatives but not yet found one that is satisfactory

A

moratorium

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8
Q

has deliberately chosen identity

A

achievement

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9
Q

developing a feeling of belonging and learning the customs and culture of ones ethnic group

A

ethnic identity

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10
Q

What are the ethnic identity phases

A
  • have not examined their ethnic roots
  • beginning to explore the personal impact of their ethnic heritage
  • development of a distinct ethnic self-identity
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11
Q

What may lesson as each generation becomes more acculturated

A

identification with ethnic culture

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12
Q

Who may have more challenges

A

adolescents from parents who come from mixed cultures racial or ethnic groups may have more challenges

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13
Q

What are the influences on adolescents self esteem

A
  • parental discipline
  • school experiences
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14
Q

What are parents factors that increase self esteem

A
  • parents who set rules but are willing to discuss
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15
Q

What are school factors that are correlated with higher self esteem

A
  • avoidance of discipline problems
  • working hard
  • getting along with peers
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16
Q

What insinuate that adolescence is a time of storm and stress

A
  • movies and books
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17
Q

research actually finds that most adolescents do what

A
  • admire and love their parents
  • rely on parents advice
  • embrace many of their parents values
  • feel loved by their parents
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18
Q

about how many 15 year olds and how many 18 year olds had romantic relationships in the past one and a half years

A
  • 50% 15 year olds
    -70% 18 year olds
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19
Q

What may relationships provide

A

companionship and sexual exploration or support

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20
Q

What is associated with problems in adolescents

A

early dating with many partners

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21
Q

What may be related to less satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood

A

early dating

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22
Q

What does the first step toward romantic relationships consist of

A

activities involving mixed groups of boys and girls

23
Q

What is the second step toward romantic relationships

A

several pairs of boys and several girls go out together as a group

24
Q

What are the stages of relationships

A

first initially involve companionship and later trust and support

25
Q

Do cultural factors affect dating patterns

A

yes

26
Q

When are adolescents less likely to engage in sex

A

when they have close relationships with parents who discourage sex and monitor their activities

27
Q

When are adolescents more likely to have sex

A

when their peers approve and they believe their friends are having sex

28
Q

Most adolescents have experienced se by what age but with only one partnes

A

19

29
Q

boys are more likely to describe their first partner as what

A

a casual date

30
Q

girls report what for their first partner

A

stronger feelings of love

31
Q

Boys have what types of feelings for their first experiences

A

positive

32
Q

How are girls likely to experience what types of feelings after their first experience

A

feelings of guilt and fear

33
Q

Why do girls usually have guilt and shame after their first time

A

society

34
Q

How much do young adults account for of all aids cases in the US

A

15%

35
Q

When do people most likely attract aids

A

in their adolescents

36
Q

teenagers and young adults are more likely to engage in what

A

unprotected sex and intravenous drugs

37
Q

roughly how many US teenage girls become pregnant

A

1 in 11

38
Q

What are the factors that contribute to not using contraceptives

A
  • ignorance- lack of information about conception
  • illusion of invulnerability
  • lack of motivation- becoming pregnant may seem attractive for some teenagers
  • lack of access- not knowing where or how to obtain contraceptives
39
Q

About how many teens go through a period of emotional and sexual attraction to same sex friends

A

15%

40
Q

around how many teens identify themselves as gay or lesbian

A

5%

41
Q

Do sons become gay when raised by a domineering mother and a weak father

A

no

42
Q

Do girls become lesbians when their father is their primary role model

A

no

43
Q

Do children raised by gay or lesbian parents adopt their parents’ orientation

A

no

44
Q

Are gay and lesbian adults seduced by an older person of their sex

A

no

45
Q

It is possible that hormones affect temperament which may in turn affect what

A

behavior and feelings of being different

46
Q

When did the official criteria manual for mental disorder drop homosexuality as abnormal

A

1973

47
Q

Does the attraction of same sex develop first in males or females

A

males

48
Q

In females when does same sex attraction usually take place

A

late adolescence or middle or old age

49
Q

Lesbians often develop what first and later what

A

first strong feelings for a specific woman and later for other women

50
Q

females being forced to have sex with someone they know

A

date rape or acquaintance rape

51
Q

What are the factors of date rape

A
  • alcohol impaired judgement
  • wrong signals
  • the fact that the couples have had sex before
52
Q

What are the factors related to boys committing acts of violence

A
  • abused as children or witnessed domestic violence
  • belief that violence is a normal part of romantic relationships
53
Q

What are the guidelines for sex communication

A
  • know your sexual policies
  • communicate openly and clearly
  • avoid being alone with a person until you have discussed these policies
  • avoid use of alcohol and drugs when alone with someone whom you do not want to be intimate
  • make you objectives known

Developmental Psych (9 decks)

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