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Developmental Psych > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who said the concrete operational period and the formal operational period

A

Piaget

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2
Q

What is said in the concrete operational period?

A
  • school-age children can perform mental operations
  • thinking is bound to the concrete
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3
Q

actions that can be performed on objects or ideas that have a consistent result

A

mental operations

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4
Q

here and now, cannot deal effectively with abstract or hypothetical

A

concrete thinking

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5
Q

What is said in the formal operational period?

A
  • around 11 years old
  • children can reason abstractly
  • adolescents can use deductive reasoning
  • they understand that a hypothetical situation may not correspond to a real-world problem
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6
Q

What are the comments on Piaget’s operational veiws?

A
  • adolescents in the formal stage may not always reason at that level
  • adolescents’ thinking is often egocentric and irrational
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7
Q

What have other theorists may have pointed out about cognitive development?

A

cognitive development continues after reaching the formal operational stage

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8
Q

thinking about our thoughts

A

metacognition

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9
Q
  • children learn about there our memory processes and begin to evaluate them
  • elementary school aged children can often identify information which they have not learned, but do not focus their attention on learning it
A

metacognition monitoring

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10
Q

a child’s understanding of memory

A

metamemory

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11
Q

awareness of one’s own cognitive processes

A

metacognitive knowledge

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12
Q
  • selecting strategies and monitoring adequately
  • choosing what works and does not work
A

cognitive self-regulation

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13
Q

What did Spearman claim?

A

intelligence is a general factor that affects all aspects of ability

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14
Q

What did Thurstone believe?

A
  • intelligence was actually many different and distinct abilities
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15
Q

What did Carroll postulat?

A

intelligence may have different levels

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16
Q

What is the top category of intelligence with 8 subcategories below?

A

Factor g

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17
Q
  • sequential reasoning
  • inductive reasoning
  • quantitative reasoning
A

Fluid intelligence

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18
Q
  • printed language
  • language comprehension
  • Vocabulary learning
A

Crystalized intelligence

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19
Q
  • simple reaction time
  • choice reaction time
  • semantic processing speed
A

processing speed

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20
Q
  • based on Piaget and information processing theories
  • recognizes 9 types of intelligences
    -emphasizes that development is not simultaneous in all areas
  • takes into consideration that the brain has different regions that have specific abilities
A

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

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21
Q

Who said the emotional intelligence?

A

Goleman

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22
Q

What is said in the emotional intelligence concept from Goleman?

A

the ability to use one’s own and others’ emotions effectively for solving problems
- perceiving emotions accurately
- regulating one’s emotions

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23
Q

Based on what Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence, how do people achieve personal goals?

A
  • analytic ability
  • creative ability
  • practical ability
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24
Q

one analyzes problems and comes up with solutions

A

analytic ability

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25
Q

involves dealing adaptively with new situations and problems

A

creative ability

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26
Q

understanding what will work

A

practical ability

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27
Q

When was the first IQ test?

A

1904

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28
Q

Who developed a method for identifying children who could not learn in treditional ways?

A

French governments asked Binet and Simon

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29
Q

What test did Binet and Simon develop?

A

a test to measure children’s mental age, or the level at which they solved problems
- the first of these test was believed to distinguish between “bright” and “dull” children

30
Q

Who adapted Binet and Simon’s test?

A

Terman

31
Q

What did Terman create?

A

The intelligent quotient (IQ) which compared the mental age to the chronical age of children
- IQ = MA/CA X 100

32
Q

Today what is the IQ like?

A
  • they no longer use the MA/CA comparison for computation of IQ
  • children’s performance on tests are compared with data of other children their age
33
Q

above 100

A

above average

34
Q

below 100

A

below average

35
Q

What are the contemporary IQ tests?

A
  • Stanford Binet V
  • WISC-IV
  • K-ABC-II
36
Q

What are the two issues with the IQ test?

A

Reliability- studies show that the scores on the modern test are relatively stable
Validity- they are moderately good predictors of performance in school and work

37
Q

What are the heredity factors of the IQ scores

A

it influences both IQ scores and changes that occur during development

38
Q

What are the environmental influences of IQ scores?

A

children’s IQ scores have risen over the past century

39
Q

Where adopted kids IQ more similar to their biological or adopted parents?

A

biological parents

40
Q

Do studies show head start is effective in increasin IQ scores?

A

yes

41
Q

What do studies of the intervention program suggest?

A

intervention works in increasing IQ scores and reading and math levels

42
Q

While intervention is expensive what can not be overlooked?

A

the economic and social consequences of poverty and unemployment

43
Q

What are the differences in scores among ethnic groups and how are they impacted?

A
  • Asian Americans have highest scores
  • followed by European Americans
  • then Hispanics
  • them African Americans
  • these are impacted by socioeconomic status however economic disadvantages does not fully explain the difference
44
Q

What does not adequately explain the differences in IQ scores observed in ethnic groups?

A

heredity

45
Q

What do most researchers agree that are the major factors in the difference of ethnic groups?

A

environmental influences

46
Q

What may reflect the cultural bias of the test-makers?

A

content of tests

47
Q

constructed to include only items that are common to many cultures

A

Culture-fair intelligence

48
Q

Test taking skills may be different due to experience with taking standardized test which can reflect what?

A

culture differences

49
Q

Scores on an IQ test are intended to predict performance in what?

A

academic achievement

50
Q

Even though IQ is successful to a certain degree, where can children with low scores be successful at?

A

they can be successful in school

51
Q

What is the “gifted” IQ score?

A

130

52
Q

Today definitions of giftedness are also likely to include what?

A

talents in art, music, writing, and dance

53
Q

What does exceptional talent stem from?

A
  • love of the subject
  • receiving inspiring instruction from an early age
  • parents who support and nurture and child’s talent
54
Q

thinking in novel or unusual directions

A

divergent thinking

55
Q

specific conclusion is drawn from information given

A

convergent thinking

56
Q

divergent thinking is linked with what?

A

creativity

57
Q

convergent thinking is linked with what?

A

intelligence

58
Q
  • substantially below average intelligence and adaptive behavior
  • IQ below 70
A

intellectual disability

59
Q

25% of intellectual disability results from some biological or physical problem

A

organic intellectual disability

60
Q

the lower end of the normal range of intelligence

A

familial intellectual disability

61
Q

What are the four levels of intellectual disability and what is their IQ score? What is the percentage of people with each ID)

A
  • mild (55-60) (85%)
  • moderate (40-50) (10%)
  • severe (20-30) (4%)
  • profound (<20) (1%)
62
Q

The more extreme forms of ID are usually what?

A

organic

63
Q

A child with a learning disability must have what?

A
  • difficulty in one or more academic subject
  • normal intelligence
  • the disability is not caused by some other condition (poor instruction, sensory deficits)
64
Q

Roughly how many school-aged children have learning disabilities and what is the most common?

A
  • 10%
  • reading disability
65
Q

US children do not perform in what as well as children from many other countries?

A

math

66
Q

Children in Japan and Taiwan spend how much more time in school than US students?

A

50%

67
Q

US children spend less time on what?

A

homework

68
Q

What parents are more satisfied with their children’s performance in school?

A

American

69
Q

How do American and Asian parents differ when it comes to their kids?

A
  • American parents believe ability is more the key to success
  • Asian parents consider effort more important than native ability
70
Q

What are some successful school characteristics?

A
  • staff and students understand excellence is the primary goal of the school
  • the school is safe and nurturing
  • parents are involved
  • progress of students, teachers, and programs is monitored
71
Q

What do students often associate teacher effectiveness with?

A

personality features such as caring and warmness

72
Q

What is higher achievement associated with?

A
  • good classroom management
  • taking responsibility for students’ learning
  • emphasizing mastery of topics
  • attention to pacing
  • valuing tutoring
  • teaching students to monitor their own learning

Developmental Psych (9 decks)

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