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Developmental Psych > Ch 8 > Flashcards

Ch 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two changes that puberty consist of that mark the change from childhood to young adulthood?

A
  • dramatic increases in height, weight, and body fat distribution
  • changes in the reproductive organs that mark sexual maturity
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2
Q

How much weight do females and males gain during puberty?

A
  • females 20 pounds per year
  • males 25 pounds per year
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3
Q

How long do girls being puberty before boys?

A

2 years

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4
Q

What age do girls typically start their growth spurt and when does it end?

A
  • start at around age 11
  • typically end at 15 but it last 4 years after they start
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5
Q

What age do boys typically start their growth spurt and when does it end?

A
  • begin around 13
  • and ends around 17
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6
Q

organs of reproduction

A

primary sex characteristics

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7
Q

denote physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction

A

secondary sex characteristics

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8
Q

onset of menstruation in girls

A

menarche

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9
Q

First period are usually what?

A

irregular and without ovulation

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10
Q

the first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm-containing fluid

A

spermarche

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11
Q

First ejaculations usually contain few sperm, how long until there is enough sperm to fertilize an egg?

A

months or years

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12
Q

How are growth hormones trigerred?

A

the hypothalamus produces hormones to the pituitary gland

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13
Q

How does estrogen in girls and testosterone in boys produce?

A

the pituitary stimulates other glands

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14
Q

The timing of puberty is genetically regulated and is affected by what?

A

health and nutrition, you cannot hit puberty until you have a certain level of fat

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15
Q

In countries where nutrition and health care are better what occurs earlier?

A

menarche

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16
Q

What is the psychological impact of body image?

A
  • teenagers are very attentive to physical changes, which take place very rapidly and are dramatic
  • girls are more critical of their appearance and are likely to be dissatisfied while boys are more likely to be pleased
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17
Q

During the first period what are girls pleased by and dissatisfied by? How do they react to it?

A

they are pleased that they started but upset about the messiness they usually share the news with mothers and friends right away

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18
Q

How do boys react to hitting puberty?

A

They are usually more pleased if they know about it beforehand but they rarely tell their parents and friends

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19
Q

What may have significant consequences for adolescents?

A

the rate of maturation

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20
Q

What usually benefits boys but not girls?

A

early maturation

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21
Q

What are the feelings of boys and girls about early maturation?

A
  • boys tend to have more positive feelings
  • girls tend to have negative feelings
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22
Q

Why do teenagers need high caloric intake and how much do they need?

A
  • the high growth and metabolism rates
  • girls need about 2200 calories
  • boys need about 2700 calories
23
Q

Most US teens consume sufficient calories but not in…

A

balanced, nutritional meals

24
Q

In the US about how many children are overweight?

A

1 in 7

25
Q

What do successful programs for overweight children focus on?

A
  • eating habits
  • sedentary behavior
26
Q

In overweight programs where is success rooted from?

A
  • monitoring their eating
  • exercise
  • sedentary behavior
27
Q

Who are trained to help set realistic goals and to use behavioral principles in meeting them?

A

parents

28
Q

disorder marked by an irrational fear of being overweight, have disorted bod image, and 1/10 adolescents with this die

A

anorexia

29
Q

disorder that consist of binge eating and purging by vomiting or with laxatives, bingeing may occur as many as 20 times per week, adolescents with this cannot stop eating

A

bulimia

30
Q

What is the top 3 causes of death in adolescents?

A
  • car wrecks
  • firearms
  • suicides
31
Q

stem from decisions to engage in higher risk behavior

A

accidental death

32
Q

Adolescents may give greater weight to what?

A

social consequences of choices

33
Q

accounts for 12% of deaths in teenagers, girls have 6x the attempts than males, males have 4x higher success rate

A

suicide

34
Q

What do kids who attempt suicide have?

A
  • poor parental care
  • do not do as well in school
  • are from mobile families
  • depressed
  • drugs/alcohol
35
Q

What is the list of questions that are asked to a suicidal individual?

A
  • Ever thought about suicide?
  • When do you think about it?
  • How often do you think about it?
  • Do you have a plan?
  • What is your plan?
  • Do you have access to drugs, guns, etc..?
  • When would you carry out your plan?
  • Why have you not carried out your plan?
36
Q

What is the importance of the last question in the suicide assessment?

A

it finds the anchors in their life

37
Q

What are the three levels of Kohlberg’s moral delimas?

A
  • preconventional (do not understand)
  • conventional (understand)
  • postconventional (understand it on a moral level)
38
Q

What did Kohlberg say about the order that people progress?

A

They progress through each stage

39
Q

What shows that people do not skip stages and do not regress?

A

longitudinal studies

40
Q

What demonstrates the links between levels of moral reasoning and moral action?

A

research

41
Q

What are higher levels of moral reasoning and action associated with?

A

causes and following beliefs

42
Q

What are lower levels of moral reasoning and action associated with?

A

delinquency

43
Q

What biases where Kohlberg’s findings?

A
  • gender
  • cultural
44
Q

What did Kohlberg focus too much on?

A

legalistic moral problems

45
Q

Who’s theory stresses higher level’s emphasis on individual rights and justice, reflecting western Judeo-Christian values?

A

Kohlberg’s

46
Q

Principles reflected in other countries may be different and affects resolution of…

A

moral dilemmas

47
Q

Eastern cultures put what above individual right?

A
  • coring for others
  • familial obligations
48
Q

What does Gilligan argue?

A

That Kohlberg’s emphasis on justice is more applicable to men than women, even in the western cultures

49
Q

What is the primary emphasis for women?

A

caring

50
Q

What is the primary emphasis for women? Which is what?

A
  • caring
  • the highest principle for the alleviation of social and global problems
51
Q

What are Gilligan’s stages of moral dilemmas?

A
  • step one- preoccupation with one’s own needs
  • step two- coring for others
  • step three- emphasis of caring in all human relationships and denunciation of violence/exploitation
52
Q

How do children advance through the stages of moral dilemmas?

A

Through contact with those at higher stages

53
Q

What did Kohlberg find about the discussion of morality?

A

He found that it can help children see short-comings in moral reasoning

Developmental Psych (9 decks)

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