Ch 10 Flashcards
rituals marking initiation into adulthood
rites of passage
Where are the rites of passage usually seen more in
non-western cultures
What are the rites for men
- providing
- protecting
- procreating
What are the rites for women
based on menarche
How many countries in Africa still practice female circumcision
28
Where were cotillions held and girls would be introduced to the public as a woman
the deep south
routinely held as a rite to passage
bat mitzvahs
What have been an important aspect of western society and what are some examples
historical rites
- knighthood
- freemasons
- apprenticeships
- greek societies
- scouts
- gangs
the last true rite of passage ceremony in western society
- traditionally marriage would follow right after
- modern society does not allow this
bar and bat mitzvah
- 18 to 25 year olds in western society have become their own entities
- most have completed some role transitions but not all of them
thresholders, inbetweeners, or transitioners
What years do people usually believe of the college and what is the actual average
- 18-25
- 29
students over the age of 25 are called what
returning adult students
often more highly motivated and study more than traditional students
returning adult students
the ages between 18 and 25 are often considered what
distinct life stage
individuals of what ages are often not adults in every sense but are no longer adolescents
18 and 25
about what percent of college students expect to live with their parents again
50%
usually brings more self control and a drop in reckless behavior
adulthood
what points out the importance of developing independence and the capacity for intimacy
eriksons theory
the psychosocial challenge of young adulthood
eriksons stage of intimacy vs isolation
critical for being able to achieve intimacy
identity development
reaches its greatest during young adulthood and is stable until old age
height
in both sexes peaks in the late 20s and early 30s
physical strength
remains stable through middle age
visual acuity
begins to decline in the late 20s
hearing
what percent of young adults say their health is good or better
90%
what is usually rare in the early 20s
death
What are the leading causes of death in the us between the ages of 24 and 44
- accidents
- cancer
- cardiovascular disease
- suicide
- AIDS
leading contributor to health problems
smoking
potent teratogen
nicotine
usually beneficial regardless of how or when it happens
quiting smoking
not been shown to be a serious contributor to health problems
occasional drinking
consuming 5 or more drinks in a row for men and 4 or more for women within a two week period
binge drinking
binge drinking has been shown to be a major health concern especially among who
college students
What do drinking rates vary by
- sex
- race
- region of the country
what percent of college students are heavy drinkers
44
what percent of college students report academic problems as a result of drinking
25
What are some attempt to curve binge drinking
- keg registration
- outlawing grain alcohol
- increasing number of nonalcoholic activities
- tougher punishments for underage drinking
affects mental emotional and physical functioning
nutrition
how much energy the body needs, affects all areas
metabolism
factor in health problems
obesity
ratio of body weight and height and is recommended to be less than 25
body mass index (bmi)
piagets theory placed adolescents and adults in what stage
formal operational
other researchers have found differences in how adolescents and adults process what
information
characterized by a recognition that truth may vary from situation to situation that solutions must be realistic to be reasonable emotion and subjective factors usually play a role in thinking
postformal thought
How does postformal thought differ from formal operations
- integrating emotion and logic
- realization that there is more than one right answer to many problems
What were kramers three stages of postformal thought
- absolutist
- relativistic
- dialectical
personal experience is the basis of all truth
absolutist
correct actions or solutions depend on the circumstances
relativistic
see merits in different viewpoints but synthesize them and strongly commit
dialectical
Who have described the stages of development of reflective judgment including phases of optimal level and skill acquisition
kitchener and king
the highest level of thinking of which a person is capable
optimal level of development
the gradual haphazard process of learning new abilities
skill acquisition
- examples of how social knowledge structures and social beliefs can shape our thinking and perceptions
- affect how we interpret new information
stereotypes
beliefs that we may not be aware of but may affect our behavior
implicit stereotypes
the fear of being judged by a negative stereotype about a group to which one belongs
stereotype threat
we may be able to determine the importance of age related belief if we examine what
- the content and strength of the beliefs
- the likelihood that these beliefs will be activated automatically when they are questioned or violated
who creates a life span construct or view of the past present and future
- the contruct is manifested in s scenario or expectations about the future
young adults
expectation that future events will correspond to a certain age or date
social clock
we construct life story as we begin to achieve what
some of the goals of our scenario
the story ties events together in what
a coherent sequence
What do young adults tend to think about
- possible selfs
- what we could become
- what we would like to to become
- what we are afraid to become
takes on more importance as a feared self as adults age
health
a result of integrating the scenario or life story into a sense of self
self concept
in longitudonal studies this self-concept did not appear to modified by what
age beyond young adulthood
What influences how people interpret experiences which in turn further shapes and defines their sense of identity
self concepts
reflect the degree to which one believes that their performance depends on something they do
- these seem to have great influence on our behavior
personal control beliefs
What four types of control have researchers proposed
- control from within ones self
- control over oneself
- control over environment
- control from the environment
What is not clear about beliefs
how control beliefs are changed over the course of development
What vary over different domains
developmental changes
behavior aimed at affecting the external world
primary control
behavior or thinking that is intended to affect the internal world
secondary control
