Ch 7

Question 1

Who stated that parenting can be viewed through the dimension of warmth and responsiveness

Answer 1

Baumrind

Question 2

What are the four different parenting styles?

Answer 2

• Authoritarian
• Permissive- Indulgent
• Permissive- Indifferent
• Authoritative

Question 3

Children of warm parents feel…

Answer 3

secure, happ, and are more well-behaved

Question 4

Children of hostile or uninvolved parents may be…

Answer 4

anxious and less controlled

Question 5

How do the dimension of control affect parenting effectiveness?

Answer 5

• children of over-controlling parents may feel unable to develop standards of behavior on their own
• a balance of good control, communication, and warmth results in children with an understanding of what is expected and invites dialogue

Question 6

• high control with little warmth
• hard work, respect, and obedience are encouraged
• little give-and-take and parents do not explain their decisions

Answer 6

authoritarian

Question 7

• combines more control with warmth and responsiveness
• they explain the rules and encourage decision

Answer 7

authoritative

Question 8

• provides warmth with little control
• use little punishment and accept their children’s behavior

Answer 8

Indulgent-permissive

Question 9

parenting that involves little warmth or control
- parents are not involved with their children except to provide for basic physical and emotional needs
- they minimize their time with their children

Answer 9

indifferent-uninvolved

Question 10

What are the effects of authoritative parenting on children?

Answer 10

• they tend to be more responsible, self-reliant, and friendly

Question 11

What are the effects of authoritarian parents on children?

Answer 11

• lower self-esteem and are less skilled socially

Question 12

What are the effects of indulgent-permissive parents on children?

Answer 12

• often impulsive and easily frustrated

Question 13

What are the effects of indifferent-uninvolved parents on children?

Answer 13

• they often have low self-esteem, and are aggressive, impulsive, and moody

Question 14

Which ethnicity of parents tend to value warmth and moderate control in order to encourage independence and self-reliance?

Answer 14

European-American

Question 15

Where is individualism not as highly valued, and cooperation and collaboration are encouraged by more emotional restraint and control?

Answer 15

• Asian and Latin American countries

Question 16

Parents that use what tell children what to do and when and why? When is it most powerful?

Answer 16

• direct instruction
• when combined with modeling

Question 17

When is learning by observation effective?

Answer 17

• when paired with counterimitation
• learning what should not be done

Question 18

occurs when a child cries, complains, or whines until the parent relents and provides what the child desires

Answer 18

negative reinforcement trap

Question 19

Punishment is more effective when it is…

Answer 19

• immediate
• consistent
• informative
• administered by a person with whom the child has a warm and affectionate relationship

Question 20

What has side-effects and drawbacks such as being only temporarily effective?

Answer 20

punishment

Question 21

Children upset by punishment may not understand what?

Answer 21

the purpose of the consequence

Question 22

may result in aggression as a means to resolve disputes with other children

Answer 22

physical punishment

Question 23

a consequence of misbehavior in which the child sits alone in a boring location is brief effective and informative

Answer 23

Time-out

Question 24

Research demonstrates that chronic parental conflict is harmful to children. What are the effects of that?

Answer 24

• jeopardizes children’s feelings of a stable family
• affects the parent-child relationship
• parents in conflict may be too preoccupied for high quality parenting

Question 25

What are the characteristics of children that affects how parents treat them?

Answer 25

- age - temperament and behavior

Question 26

- higher test scores - more driven to succeed

Answer 26

first born

Question 27

- more socially advanced - the great "compromiser"

Answer 27

middle child

Question 28

- more rebellious - more outgoing and popular with peers

Answer 28

youngest child

Question 29

- not more spoiled - similar to first born in IQ, leadership, autonomy, and maturity

Answer 29

only child

Question 30

After divorce who do children tend to live with?

Answer 30

mothers

Question 31

How were mothers in the first months after divorce?

Answer 31

they were less affectionate with children

Question 32

Where parents able to control their children after divorce?

Answer 32

they were less able to

Question 33

What happened with mothers 2 years after divorce?

Answer 33

they were more affectionate and better able to discipline

Question 34

What happens with mothers and their children 6 years after divorce?

Answer 34

- mothers and daughters were closer - mothers and their sons in conflict

Question 35

By divorce how might development be affected?

Answer 35

It could be affected by the loss of a role model, economic hardship, and parental conflict

Question 36

When are children more affected by divorce?

Answer 36

more during childhood and adolescence than preschool or college ages

Question 37

What kind of children may be more affected by divorce?

Answer 37

children who are more emotional

Question 38

After divorce what should you reward your children with and what is positive in their impact of it?

Answer 38

- reward with warmth, support, and communication - parental cooperation and same-sex custody are positives in their impact

Question 39

What are the types of abuse?

Answer 39

- physical - neglect - sexual abuse - emotional abuse

Question 40

What are the types of neglect?

Answer 40

- physical neglect - educational neglect - emotional neglect

Question 41

exists in all forms of maltreatment

Answer 41

emotional abuse

Question 42

Who are more likely to be victims of neglect?

Answer 42

younger children (newborns to 2 years)

Question 43

Who are more likely to be victims of physical abuse?

Answer 43

toddlers, preschoolers, and adolescents

Question 44

What type of abuse is relatively constant?

Answer 44

sexual abuse

Question 45

What are the gender differences in sexual abuse?

Answer 45

- girls account for 80% of the victims of sexual abuse

Question 46

What is more common among the poor and larger households?

Answer 46

maltreatment

Question 47

Children of a single parent home are more at risk of what?

Answer 47

- neglect - physical abuse

Question 48

Who is usually the perpetrator?

Answer 48

the parent

Question 49

Who are more likely to neglect children?

Answer 49

mothers

Question 50

Who are more likely for physical and sexual abuse?

Answer 50

fathers

Question 51

What gender is the majority of sexual abuse defenders?

Answer 51

male

Question 52

Can pedophiles be identified by looks, background, or personality traits?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

How can you prevent abuse and maltreatment?

Answer 53

- reducing physical punishment - maintaining social supports can give parents opportunities for venting and advise - counseling and parenting skills training can help

Question 54

What do friends tend to be?

Answer 54

- same sexed - similar aged - from the same race or ethnic group

Question 55

What do friends tend to have?

Answer 55

- similar interests - attitudes - recreational pursuits

Question 56

Children with same and opposite sexed friends tend to be...

Answer 56

- more popular - well-adjusted - academically successful - higher self-esteem

Question 57

What refers to likability?

Answer 57

peer aceptence

Question 58

What are the five categories of peer aceptence?

Answer 58

- popular children - rejected children - controversial children - neglected children - average children

Question 59

How do you help rejected aggressive children?

Answer 59

- intensive academic tutoring - perspective taking and social problem solving - improve parent-child interactions

Question 60

How do you help rejected withdrawn children?

Answer 60

- teaching to respond in non-reinforcing ways - coaching, modeling, and reinforcing ways - increase expectations for social success

Question 61

Parental behavior can result in imitation of what?

Answer 61

poor social skills and conflict

Question 62

Inconsistent punishment may result in what?

Answer 62

aggressive and antisocial behavior

Question 63

a child using aggression to achieve an explicit goal

Answer 63

instrumental aggression

Question 64

aggression that is unprovoked and is used to intimidate or harass

Answer 64

hostile aggression

Question 65

Children's tendency to behave aggressively is stable over time especially if...

Answer 65

seen at a young age

Question 66

About 10% of elementary-school-age children and adolescents are...

Answer 66

chronic victims of aggression

Question 67

Children who are frequent victims of aggression are often...

Answer 67

lonely, anxious, depressed, and dislike school

Question 68

Who may be aggressive themselves or tend to be withdrawn and submissive?

Answer 68

victimized children