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Developmental Psych > Ch 7 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who stated that parenting can be viewed through the dimension of warmth and responsiveness

A

Baumrind

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2
Q

What are the four different parenting styles?

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Permissive- Indulgent
  • Permissive- Indifferent
  • Authoritative
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3
Q

Children of warm parents feel…

A

secure, happ, and are more well-behaved

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4
Q

Children of hostile or uninvolved parents may be…

A

anxious and less controlled

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5
Q

How do the dimension of control affect parenting effectiveness?

A
  • children of over-controlling parents may feel unable to develop standards of behavior on their own
  • a balance of good control, communication, and warmth results in children with an understanding of what is expected and invites dialogue
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6
Q
  • high control with little warmth
  • hard work, respect, and obedience are encouraged
  • little give-and-take and parents do not explain their decisions
A

authoritarian

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7
Q
  • combines more control with warmth and responsiveness
  • they explain the rules and encourage decision
A

authoritative

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8
Q
  • provides warmth with little control
  • use little punishment and accept their children’s behavior
A

Indulgent-permissive

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9
Q

parenting that involves little warmth or control
- parents are not involved with their children except to provide for basic physical and emotional needs
- they minimize their time with their children

A

indifferent-uninvolved

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10
Q

What are the effects of authoritative parenting on children?

A
  • they tend to be more responsible, self-reliant, and friendly
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11
Q

What are the effects of authoritarian parents on children?

A
  • lower self-esteem and are less skilled socially
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12
Q

What are the effects of indulgent-permissive parents on children?

A
  • often impulsive and easily frustrated
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13
Q

What are the effects of indifferent-uninvolved parents on children?

A
  • they often have low self-esteem, and are aggressive, impulsive, and moody
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14
Q

Which ethnicity of parents tend to value warmth and moderate control in order to encourage independence and self-reliance?

A

European-American

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15
Q

Where is individualism not as highly valued, and cooperation and collaboration are encouraged by more emotional restraint and control?

A
  • Asian and Latin American countries
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16
Q

Parents that use what tell children what to do and when and why? When is it most powerful?

A
  • direct instruction
  • when combined with modeling
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17
Q

When is learning by observation effective?

A
  • when paired with counterimitation
  • learning what should not be done
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18
Q

occurs when a child cries, complains, or whines until the parent relents and provides what the child desires

A

negative reinforcement trap

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19
Q

Punishment is more effective when it is…

A
  • immediate
  • consistent
  • informative
  • administered by a person with whom the child has a warm and affectionate relationship
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20
Q

What has side-effects and drawbacks such as being only temporarily effective?

A

punishment

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21
Q

Children upset by punishment may not understand what?

A

the purpose of the consequence

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22
Q

may result in aggression as a means to resolve disputes with other children

A

physical punishment

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23
Q

a consequence of misbehavior in which the child sits alone in a boring location is brief effective and informative

A

Time-out

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24
Q

Research demonstrates that chronic parental conflict is harmful to children. What are the effects of that?

A
  • jeopardizes children’s feelings of a stable family
  • affects the parent-child relationship
  • parents in conflict may be too preoccupied for high quality parenting
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25
Q

What are the characteristics of children that affects how parents treat them?

A
  • age
  • temperament and behavior
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26
Q
  • higher test scores
  • more driven to succeed
A

first born

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27
Q
  • more socially advanced
  • the great “compromiser”
A

middle child

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28
Q
  • more rebellious
  • more outgoing and popular with peers
A

youngest child

29
Q
  • not more spoiled
  • similar to first born in IQ, leadership, autonomy, and maturity
A

only child

30
Q

After divorce who do children tend to live with?

A

mothers

31
Q

How were mothers in the first months after divorce?

A

they were less affectionate with children

32
Q

Where parents able to control their children after divorce?

A

they were less able to

33
Q

What happened with mothers 2 years after divorce?

A

they were more affectionate and better able to discipline

34
Q

What happens with mothers and their children 6 years after divorce?

A
  • mothers and daughters were closer
  • mothers and their sons in conflict
35
Q

By divorce how might development be affected?

A

It could be affected by the loss of a role model, economic hardship, and parental conflict

36
Q

When are children more affected by divorce?

A

more during childhood and adolescence than preschool or college ages

37
Q

What kind of children may be more affected by divorce?

A

children who are more emotional

38
Q

After divorce what should you reward your children with and what is positive in their impact of it?

A
  • reward with warmth, support, and communication
  • parental cooperation and same-sex custody are positives in their impact
39
Q

What are the types of abuse?

A
  • physical
  • neglect
  • sexual abuse
  • emotional abuse
40
Q

What are the types of neglect?

A
  • physical neglect
  • educational neglect
  • emotional neglect
41
Q

exists in all forms of maltreatment

A

emotional abuse

42
Q

Who are more likely to be victims of neglect?

A

younger children (newborns to 2 years)

43
Q

Who are more likely to be victims of physical abuse?

A

toddlers, preschoolers, and adolescents

44
Q

What type of abuse is relatively constant?

A

sexual abuse

45
Q

What are the gender differences in sexual abuse?

A
  • girls account for 80% of the victims of sexual abuse
46
Q

What is more common among the poor and larger households?

A

maltreatment

47
Q

Children of a single parent home are more at risk of what?

A
  • neglect
  • physical abuse
48
Q

Who is usually the perpetrator?

A

the parent

49
Q

Who are more likely to neglect children?

A

mothers

50
Q

Who are more likely for physical and sexual abuse?

A

fathers

51
Q

What gender is the majority of sexual abuse defenders?

A

male

52
Q

Can pedophiles be identified by looks, background, or personality traits?

A

no

53
Q

How can you prevent abuse and maltreatment?

A
  • reducing physical punishment
  • maintaining social supports can give parents opportunities for venting and advise
  • counseling and parenting skills training can help
54
Q

What do friends tend to be?

A
  • same sexed
  • similar aged
  • from the same race or ethnic group
55
Q

What do friends tend to have?

A
  • similar interests
  • attitudes
  • recreational pursuits
56
Q

Children with same and opposite sexed friends tend to be…

A
  • more popular
  • well-adjusted
  • academically successful
  • higher self-esteem
57
Q

What refers to likability?

A

peer aceptence

58
Q

What are the five categories of peer aceptence?

A
  • popular children
  • rejected children
  • controversial children
  • neglected children
  • average children
59
Q

How do you help rejected aggressive children?

A
  • intensive academic tutoring
  • perspective taking and social problem solving
  • improve parent-child interactions
60
Q

How do you help rejected withdrawn children?

A
  • teaching to respond in non-reinforcing ways
  • coaching, modeling, and reinforcing ways
  • increase expectations for social success
61
Q

Parental behavior can result in imitation of what?

A

poor social skills and conflict

62
Q

Inconsistent punishment may result in what?

A

aggressive and antisocial behavior

63
Q

a child using aggression to achieve an explicit goal

A

instrumental aggression

64
Q

aggression that is unprovoked and is used to intimidate or harass

A

hostile aggression

65
Q

Children’s tendency to behave aggressively is stable over time especially if…

A

seen at a young age

66
Q

About 10% of elementary-school-age children and adolescents are…

A

chronic victims of aggression

67
Q

Children who are frequent victims of aggression are often…

A

lonely, anxious, depressed, and dislike school

68
Q

Who may be aggressive themselves or tend to be withdrawn and submissive?

A

victimized children

Developmental Psych (9 decks)

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