ch. 8 music from the late 19th century

Question 1

ethnic nationalism

Answer 1

the notion that each European ethnic group the right to its own nation-state

Question 2

civic nationalism

Answer 2

the notion that all men have certain unalienable rights regardless of ethnic origins

Question 3

phonograph

Answer 3

• invented by Thomas Edison in 1877
• device used a needle to record sounds onto a cylinder w/ tin foil
• a second needle was used to replay the sounds via phonograph
• Alexander Graham Bell switched to wax later

Question 4

John A. Lomax & Alan Lomax

Answer 4

• musicians, folklorists, ethnomusicologists
• worked w/ Library of Congress
• set out in 1933 on a recording exhibition w/ a 315lb phonograph installed in their Ford
• started recording songs of prisoners at Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola
• recorded hundreds of singers + instrumentalists for the Archive of American Folk Song
• documented not just the music itself, but also the cultural context surrounding it

Question 5

3 types of African-American roots musics from the period of slavery

Answer 5

1. hollers
2. work songs
3. spritituals

Question 6

hollers

Answer 6

convey messages across distance, express emotion, improvised

Question 7

work songs

Answer 7

• songs to accompany work, provide a steady rhythm
• died out after the Civil War but were retained in prisons

Question 8

spirituals

Answer 8

imagery from biblical stories they heard at camp meetings (outdoor religious services)

Question 9

how does it work? (swing low, sweet chariot)

Answer 9

p. 217

Question 10

powwows

Answer 10

intertribal gatherings of the indigenous people of the US and Canada, coming together to celebrate their culture thru the medium of music and dance. they feature drumming and singing for social, contest, and exhibition dancing

Question 11

Northern Powwow songs

Answer 11

• performed by an ensemble called a “Drum”
• unison singing accompanied by a drum beat
• vocables and/or lyrics sung in a NA language
• drum is treated as sacred
• use of vibrato and intense vocal sound
• descending melodic shape
• “off the beat” singing
• regular musical form

Question 12

“push up” song form

Answer 12

• general term for a single verse at powwow song
• lead: opening melody; single singer
• seconds: remaining phrases; group
• incomplete repetition (AA’BCBC or AA’BCDBCD)
• BC or BCD phrases marked by honor beats (hard beats)
• usually repeated at least 4 times

Question 13

Northern competition dances

Answer 13

• organized by age, sex, dance category
• golden agers, adults, youths, tiny tots
• 6 types

Question 14

what are the 6 types of northern competition dances?

Answer 14

1. men’s traditional dance
2. men’s fancy dance
3. men’s grass dance
4. women’s traditional dance
5. women’s fancy shawl dance
6. women’s jingle dress dance