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understanding music > ch. 12 age of disenchantment & protest (1950-1975) > Flashcards

ch. 12 age of disenchantment & protest (1950-1975) Flashcards

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1
Q

rhythm and blues

A

replacement term for race records, umbrella term

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2
Q

backbeat

A

accents on beat 2 and 4

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3
Q

how does it work -> “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman”

A

p.339

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4
Q

soul music

A
  • first emerged in the 1950s as a type of rhythm and blues
  • also draws on music elements from Black gospel music, blues, and jazz
  • became extremely influential during Civil Rights
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5
Q

elements of soul

A
  • catchy rhythms + strong backbeat
  • handclaps + body involvement
  • call+response, improvisation
  • repetition
  • impressive vocals
  • chorus
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6
Q

bridge

A

a section common in popular music that usually occurs only once

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7
Q

Aretha Franklin

A
  • “The Queen of Soul”
  • powerful, aggressive performance (went against female stereotypes)
  • symbol of female empowerment
  • first woman to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1987)
  • “Respect” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” (1967)
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8
Q

Ray Charles (1930-2004)

A
  • pioneered soul music
  • never addressed his music to a specific market + engaged w/ all genres
  • widely talented as a songwriter, keyboardist, singer
  • fused gospel vocal stylings w/ secular idioms
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9
Q

“Georgia On My Mind” - Ray Charles

A
  • originally a Tin Pan Alley song
  • kept original lyrics, melody, phrasing
  • new timbre, syncopation, gospel-based vocal approach
  • became state anthem
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10
Q

funk

A

a genre with complex, multi-layered syncopation and grooves with driving, percussive bass lines, and guitar riffs with percussive effects

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11
Q

cover

A

a new version of an existing song
* was common practice for white radio stations to hire white artists to cover songs by Black people

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12
Q

rock and roll

A
  • term first used for commercial + generational purposes by disc jockey Alan Freed
  • brought together musical elements from genres marketed to white audiences (like country) w/ those marketed to Black audiences (like rhythm&blues)
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13
Q

Alan Freed (1922-1965)

A
  • Moondog Radio Show in Cleveland
  • discovered in the 50s that more young white kids wanted rhythm&blues records
  • blackballed by the music industry
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14
Q

Ricky Nelson (1940-1985)

A

popular teenage musician in the 50s who was marketed as a “rock’n’roll” artist

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15
Q

Chuck Berry

A
  • pioneering singer, songwriter, and guitarist
  • synthesized diverse influences from R&B + country in rock’n’roll songs ab teenage life
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16
Q

chuck berry trademarks

A
  • arresting lines for electric guitar
  • relentless intensity produced by a very fast tempo
  • very loud volume
  • formal + stylistic elements strongly related to earlier rhythm&blues music
17
Q

Elvis Presley (1935-1977)

A
  • from Mississippi, grew up in diverse area, moved to Tennessee
  • started off singing gospel + country
  • mostly did covers of gospel, country, R&B
  • signed first w/ Sun Records in 1953, later RCA Victor in 1956
  • execs turned him into a major marketable commodity
  • “Hound Dog” (1956) -> cover of Big Mama Thornton’a 1952 version
18
Q

how does it work (All along the Watchtower”

A

p. 347

19
Q

Bob Dylan

A
  • born 1941
  • “All Along the Watchtower”, “Blowing In The Wind”
  • 1961 moves to NYC to perform + visit Woody Guthrie
  • performs in Greenwich Village + lands record deal in 1962
  • from Minnesota
  • songs covered by Joan Baez; Peter, Paul, and Mary; The Byrds; and others
  • 1965 performed “Like A Rolling Stone” using electric guitar at Newport Folk Festival
  • considered one of the best songwriters of all time
20
Q

Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970)

A
  • greatest guitarist in history
  • began playing at 15, joins army at 19, promptly discharged
  • performed on the Chitlin’ Circuit
  • moved to England in 1966 + topped charts there
  • headlined Woodstock Festival in 1969
  • died of overdose in 1970
21
Q

Jimi Hendrix’s style

A
  • inspired by rock’n’roll + electric blues
  • favored overdriven amplifiers w/ high volume + gain
  • popularized “undesired” sounds like amp feedback
  • used effects like fuzz distortion, wah-wah pedal
  • outrageous performance practice (licking guitar, playing w/ teeth, lighting guitar on fire)
22
Q

folk music

A
  • performed in large part by urban intellectuals
  • drew on rural music and the Depression-era protest songs of Woody Guthrie
  • The Weavers, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Peter Paul and Mary
  • focused on social commentary
  • featured acoustic rather than electric guitars, which made it easier to hear lyrics clearly

understanding music (12 decks)

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