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understanding music > ch. 10 music from the interwar period (1918-1939) > Flashcards

ch. 10 music from the interwar period (1918-1939) Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

when and where did jazz originate?

A

new orleans, ~1900

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2
Q

who composed “struttin’ with some barbecue”?

A

Lillian (Lil) Hardin Armstrong

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3
Q

who performed “struttin’ with some barbecue”?

A

Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five

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4
Q

New Orleans jazz

A

a style of jazz; a rhythm section backs up 3 melodic instrumentalists (usually trumpet/cornet, clarinet, and trombone) who play together in polyphony and call and response, and also as improvising soloists

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5
Q

Louis Armstrong

A
  • 1901-1971
  • grew up in Back o’ Town (NOLA)
  • learned from Joe “King” Oliver, meets wife pianist Lil Hardin
  • became famous in “cutting contests”
  • Lil Hardin encouraged him to branch out, improve brand
  • 1925 creates band -> Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five
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6
Q

head

A

the melody in jazz

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7
Q

how does it work? (struttin with some barbecue)

A

p. 275

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8
Q

collective improvisation

A

several musicians improvising together in polyphony

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9
Q

the Original Dixieland Jass Band

A

a group of white musicians from NOLA formed in 1917. first recording to bear the designation of “jass”. controversy as they tried to claim credit for inventing jazz

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10
Q

scat singing

A
  • Louis Armstrong was highly influential in its development and popularity
  • vocal improvisations using vocables to imitate the sounds of musical instruments
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11
Q

lindy hop

A

an energetic dance style, danced to swing

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12
Q

what instruments did big bands consist of

A
  • 5 saxophones
  • 4/5 trombones
  • 4/5 trumpets
  • rhythm section including drums, bass, piano, and guitar
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13
Q

big bands

A

a term for large jazz ensembles which played swing. they appeared on radio, jukeboxes, and record players

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14
Q

edward kennedy “duke” ellington

A
  • 1899-1974
  • his big band, beginning in the late 1920’s, was one of the most well known
  • most significant composer/bandleader of the swing period
  • 1927 career in Cotton Club, radio broadcasts make him a national figure
  • “jungle music”
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15
Q

who composed “Black and Tan Fantasy”?

A

Duke Ellington and trumpet player Bubber Miley

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16
Q

how does it work (black and tan fantasy)

A

p. 283

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17
Q

swing

A

jazz-inspired music that initially develops in the late 1920’s by Black dance bands in NYC, Chicago, and Kansas City

18
Q

jukeboxes

A

coin operated record players

19
Q

themes commonly found in country music

A

wanderlust, vehicles, prison/outlaws, family, common man, values, God, drinking/partying, (heterosexual) love

20
Q

who would most often sing country mus?

A

rural white folks

21
Q

characteristic instruments of country music

A

guitar, fiddle, banjo, steel guitar

22
Q

what performance techniques do country singers often use?

A

Southern accent, yodeling

23
Q

who wrote and sung “I’m So Lonesome I Could Cry”?

A

Hank Williams (1923-1953)

24
Q

how does it work (im so lonesome i could cry)

A

p. 308

25
Q

hillbilly music

A

began in the 1920s in Appalachia + was labeled “folk” or “old-time”
* developed out of the folk songs, ballads, and dance music of immigrants from the British Isles
* was later rechristened “country and western” or “country”

26
Q

how did the radio contribute to the rapid growth of hillbilly/country music?

A

farmers and working-class people who couldn’t afford a phonograph and multiple records were able to purchase a radio

27
Q

first successful hillbilly record

A

“Fiddlin’ John Carson” (1923); discovered by Ralph Peer (Okeh Records)

28
Q

which instrument creates the signature “twang” sound associated with country music?

A

steel guitar (there’s lap steel guitar and pedal steel guitar)

29
Q

first generation country music

A

the Carter Family
* born in isolated foothills of the Clinch Mountains of Virginia
* Sara -> lead vocals, guitar, autoharp
* (sara’s husband) A.D. “Doc” Carter -> bass
* (sara’s cousin) Maybelle -> sang harmony, guitar, autoharp, developed an influential guitar style
* “Wildwood Flower” -> recorded by Ralph Peer

30
Q

Jimmie Rodgers

A
  • known as The Father of Country Music, the Singing Brakeman, The Blue Yodeler
  • combined folk, hillbilly, and blues w/ a bit of jazz+yodeling
  • credited for bringing “hillbilly” into the mainstream
  • first recordings w/ Ralph Peer at the Bristol Sessions (1927)
  • recorded 100+ songs before dying of tuberculosis in 1933
  • one of the first 3 to be inducted in the Country Music Hall of Fame
31
Q

Grand Ole Opry

A
  • a radio broadcast show featuring “barn dance”
  • continues today as a legendary institution attracting the best established and aspiring country performers
32
Q

honky-tonk music

A
  • featured fiddle, acoustic rhythm guitar, bass, electric lead guitar, and lap steel guitar
  • influenced by jazz and rhythm&blues
  • developed in bars frequented by the working-class in the Southwest, especially Texas, Oklahoma, California
33
Q

Hank Williams

A
  • honky-tonk music, 2nd gen country
  • called “The Singing Kid”
  • professional career on radio at age 14
  • learned guitar from Black blues musician Rufus Payne
  • evokes myth of the lard-living, hard-loving rambler
  • alcoholism
  • born in Alabama
34
Q

steel pans

A

in 1940s Trinidad, musicians began to make instruments out of metal cans and barrels, turning them into pitched percussion instruments by pounding/hammering the surface in a way that subdivides it into smaller areas, each of which can be tuned

35
Q

steelbands

A

large ensembles of various types of steel pans, usually made from 55-gal oil drums, plus a rhythm section called the “engine room”
* up to 100 members each

36
Q

Panorama

A

trinidadian steel pan competition. show off ability, cool arrangements, compete for sponsorships

37
Q

“engine room” in a steelband

A

drum set, congas, vehicle brake drum (“iron”), cowbell, metal scrapers, tambourine, woodblock, maracas, etc
* sets the groove with a short, repeated rhythmic pattern

38
Q

pans in steelband

A

tenor, double tenor, double second, guitar, cello, tenor bass, six bass
* tenors play melody, doubles do counter-melodies/harmonies
* guitar + cello play chords
* basses do bassline (tenor has 4 drums, six bass has 6)

39
Q

how does it work (“Mystery Band” by the Renegades Steel Orchestra)

A

p. 329

40
Q

groove

A

a steady, nearly uninterrupted groove

41
Q

Calypso

A

a style of song that developed in Trinidad in the early 20th century as an Afro-Trinidadian form of social commentary on living conditions in a society under European colonial rule. in calypso, a singer is backed up by a band + draws on humor and wordplay to entertain audiences

42
Q

what caused the invention of the steel pan?

A
  • West African talking drum traditions
  • Canboulay riots in 1881 caused skin drums to be banned
  • these were replaced w/ tamboo bamboo ensembles
  • in the 40s people started making drums out of 55-gal oil barrels

understanding music (11 decks)

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