Ch. 8 Memory Flashcards

1
Q

memory

A

persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

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2
Q

recall

A

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

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3
Q

recognition

A

measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned

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4
Q

relearning

A

measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

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5
Q

encoding

A

process of getting information into the memory system

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6
Q

storage

A

process of retaining encoded information over time

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7
Q

retrieval

A

process of getting information out of the memory storage

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8
Q

sensory memory

A

immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

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9
Q

short-term memory

A

briefly activated memory of few items later forgotten

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10
Q

long-term memory

A

relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system

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11
Q

working memory

A

newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious, active processing of both incoming sensory information and information retrieved from long-term memory

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12
Q

explicit memory

A

retention of facts and experiences we can consciously know or declare

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13
Q

effortful processing

A

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

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14
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and of familiar or well-learned information such as sounds, smells

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15
Q

implicit memory

A

retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious collection

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16
Q

iconic memory

A

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

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17
Q

echoic memory

A

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

18
Q

chunking

A

organizing new items into familiar, manageable units, occurs automatically

19
Q

mnemonics

A

memory aids, use vivid imagery and organizational devices

20
Q

spacing effect

A

tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study/practice

21
Q

testing effect

A

enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information

22
Q

shallow processing

A

encoding on a basic level

23
Q

deep processing

A

encoding semantically

24
Q

semantic memory

A

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

25
episodic memory
explicit memory of personally experienced events
26
hippocampus
neural center located in limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
27
memory consolidation
neural storage of a long-term memory
28
long-term potentiation
increase in nerve cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
29
priming
activation, of particular associations in memory
30
encoding specificity principle
idea that cues and context specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
31
mood-congruent memory
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good/bad mood
32
serial position effect
tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
33
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
34
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember information from one's past
35
proactive interference
forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information
36
retroactive interference
backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information
37
reconsolidation
process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again
38
misinformation effect
occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information
39
source amnesia
faulty memory for how, when or where information was learned or imagined
40
deja vu
cues from current situation unconsciously trigger retrieval of earlier experiences