Ch. 5 Development

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

studies physical, cognitive, and social development throughout the life span

Question 2

cross-sectional study

Answer 2

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 3

longitudinal study

Answer 3

research, follows and retests the same people over time

Question 4

zygote

Answer 4

fertilized egg, develops into an embryo

Question 5

embryo

Answer 5

developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization

Question 6

fetus

Answer 6

developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Question 7

teratogens

Answer 7

agents that can reach embryo/fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 8

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 8

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Question 9

habituation

Answer 9

decreasing responsiveness w/repeated stimulation

Question 10

maturation

Answer 10

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 11

cognition

Answer 11

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 12

schema

Answer 12

concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 13

assimilation

Answer 13

interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 14

accomodation

Answer 14

adapting our current understanding to incorporate new information

Question 15

sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

piaget’s theory, from birth to 2 years old, infants know world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 16

object permanence

Answer 16

awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 17

preoperational stage

Answer 17

piaget’s theory, 2 to 6 years old, child learns to use language but doesnt comprehend mental operations of concrete logic

Question 18

conservation

Answer 18

principle, piaget believed, that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects

Question 19

egocentrism

Answer 19

preoperational child’s difficulty taking anothers point of view

Question 20

concrete operational stage

Answer 20

stage of cognitive development, 7 to 11, children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 21

formal operational stage

Answer 21

stage of development, beings at 12, people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 22

scaffold

Answer 22

Vygotsky’s theory, offers children temporary support as they develop hgiher levels of thinking

Question 23

theory of mind

Answer 23

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states

Question 24

stranger anxiety

Answer 24

fear of strangers that infants commonly display at about 8 months old

Question 25

attachment

Answer 25

emotional tie with others

Question 26

critical period

Answer 26

optimal period early in life of an organism when exposed to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 27

basic trust

Answer 27

Erik Erikson, sense that world is predictable and trustworthy

Question 28

self-concept

Answer 28

all thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 29

adolescence

Answer 29

transition period from childhood to adulthood

Question 30

puberty

Answer 30

period of sexual maturation, capable of reproducing

Question 31

identity

Answer 31

sense of self, testing and integrating various roles

Question 32

social identity

Answer 32

“we” aspect of our self-concept

Question 33

intimacy

Answer 33

Erikson’s theory, ability to form close, loving relationships

Question 34

emerging adulthood

Answer 34

18-mid 20’s, no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

Question 35

menopause

Answer 35

time of natural cessation of menstration

Question 36

neurocognitive disorders

Answer 36

acquired disorders marked by cognitive defictis

Question 37

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 37

neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plagues, progressive decline of memory and other cognitive abilities

Question 38

social clock

Answer 38

culturally preferred timing of social events