Ch. 4 Nature vs Nurture

Question 1

behavior genetics

Answer 1

study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 2

hereditary

Answer 2

genetic transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 3

environment

Answer 3

every nongenetic influence

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes

Question 6

genome

Answer 6

complete instruction for making an organism

Question 7

genes

Answer 7

biochemical unit of hereditary that makes up the chromosomes, small segment of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

Question 8

identical twins

Answer 8

individuals who develop from a single fertilized egg

Question 9

fraternal twins

Answer 9

individuals who develop from separate fertilized eggs

Question 10

heritability

Answer 10

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes

Question 11

interaction

Answer 11

interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on the other

Question 12

molecular genetics

Answer 12

studies molecular function and structure of genes

Question 13

molecular behavior genetics

Answer 13

study of how structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior

Question 14

epigenetics

Answer 14

study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence gene expression

Question 15

evolutionary psychology

Answer 15

study of evolution of behavior and the mind

Question 16

mutation

Answer 16

random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 17

social script

Answer 17

culturally modeled guide for how to act in situations

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to another

Question 19

norm

Answer 19

understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

Question 20

individualism

Answer 20

giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and identifying ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 21

collectivism

Answer 21

giving priority to ones group and defining ones identity accordingly

Question 22

sex

Answer 22

defines male/female/intersex

Question 23

intersex

Answer 23

possessing male and female biological sexual characteristics at birth

Question 24

aggression

Answer 24

any physical/verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically/emotionally

Question 25

relational aggression

Answer 25

aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing

Question 26

X chromosomes

Answer 26

found in males and females

Question 27

y chromosomes

Answer 27

only in males

Question 28

testosterone

Answer 28

most important male sex hormone, in males stimulates growth of sex organs and develops male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 29

estrogen

Answer 29

sex hormones that contribute to female sex characteristics

Question 30

puberty

Answer 30

period of sexual maturation

Question 31

primary sex characteristics

Answer 31

body structures that make sexual reproduction possible

Question 32

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 32

nonreproductive sexual traits

Question 33

spermarche

Answer 33

1st ejaculation

Question 34

menarche

Answer 34

first period

Question 35

role

Answer 35

set of expectations about a social position

Question 36

gender role

Answer 36

set of expected behaviors, attitudes, traits, for men/women

Question 37

sexual aggression

Answer 37

aggression of sexual nature, harassment/assault

Question 38

gender identity

Answer 38

sense of being male/female/neither/both

Question 39

social learning theory

Answer 39

learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Question 40

gender typing

Answer 40

acquisition of traditional masculine/feminine roles

Question 41

androgyny

Answer 41

displaying both masculine and feminine psychological traits

Question 42

transgender

Answer 42

people whose gender identity/expression differs from that associated with birth