Ch. 10 Intelligence Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
general intelligence
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory
our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc
savant syndrome
condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
emotional intelligence
ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
achievement test
test designed to asses what a person has learned
aptitude test
designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is capacity to learn
mental age
measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; level of performance typically associated with children of a certain age
Stanford-Binet
widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
intelligence quotient
defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance subtests
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
normal curve
bell-shaped curved that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
reliability
extent to which a test yield consistent results, as assessed the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
validity
extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure
predictive validity
success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
cross-sectional study
compares people of different ages at the same point in time
longitudinal study
research that follows and retest the same people over time
cohort
group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period
heritability
proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes, may vary depending on the range of populations and environments studied
growth mindset
focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed
stereotype threat
self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
