Ch. 10 Intelligence

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

general intelligence

Answer 2

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 3

fluid intelligence

Answer 3

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

Question 4

crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Question 5

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

Answer 5

our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc

Question 6

savant syndrome

Answer 6

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Question 7

emotional intelligence

Answer 7

ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 8

achievement test

Answer 8

test designed to asses what a person has learned

Question 9

aptitude test

Answer 9

designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is capacity to learn

Question 10

mental age

Answer 10

measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; level of performance typically associated with children of a certain age

Question 11

Stanford-Binet

Answer 11

widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 12

intelligence quotient

Answer 12

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

Question 13

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 13

most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance subtests

Question 14

standardization

Answer 14

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Question 15

normal curve

Answer 15

bell-shaped curved that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

Question 16

reliability

Answer 16

extent to which a test yield consistent results, as assessed the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 17

validity

Answer 17

extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure

Question 18

predictive validity

Answer 18

success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 19

cross-sectional study

Answer 19

compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 20

longitudinal study

Answer 20

research that follows and retest the same people over time

Question 21

cohort

Answer 21

group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period

Question 22

heritability

Answer 22

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes, may vary depending on the range of populations and environments studied

Question 23

growth mindset

Answer 23

focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed

Question 24

stereotype threat

Answer 24

self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype