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Psychology > Ch. 6 Sensory and Perception > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Sensory and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

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2
Q

sensory receptors

A

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli

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3
Q

perception

A

process by which our brain organized and interprets sensory information enabling us to recognize objects and events meaningful

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4
Q

bottom-up processing

A

information processing that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information

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5
Q

top-down processing

A

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

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6
Q

transduction

A

conversion of one form of energy into another

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7
Q

psychophysics

A

study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity

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8
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

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9
Q

signal detection theory

A

predicting how and when we detect the presence of faint stimulus amid background stimulation

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10
Q

sublimal

A

below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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11
Q

priming

A

activation of certain associtation

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12
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

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13
Q

Webers law

A

principle that 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

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14
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

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15
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive 1 thing and not the other

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16
Q

wavelength

A

distance from peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of another

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17
Q

hue

A

dimension of color determined by wavelength of light

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18
Q

intensity

A

amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave

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19
Q

retina

A

light sensitive inner surface of the eye, begins processing visual information

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20
Q

accomodation

A

process by which eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

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21
Q

cones

A

retinal receptors concentrated near center of the retina and function in daylight or in well-lit conditions

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22
Q

optic nerves

A

carries impulses from eye to brain

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23
Q

blind spot

A

point which optic nerve leaves the eye

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24
Q

fovea

A

central focus point in retina

25
Q

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic theory

A

theory that retina contains 3 different types of color receptors which, when stimulated, can produce the perception of any color

26
Q

opponent-process theory

A

theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision

27
Q

feature detectors

A

nerve cells in brains visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus

28
Q

gestalt

A

organized whole

29
Q

grouping

A

tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

30
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see objects in 3D, allows us to judge distances

31
Q

visual cliff

A

lab device used for testing depth perceptions

32
Q

binocular cue

A

depth cue that depends on use of 2 eyes

33
Q

retinal disparity

A

binocular cue for perceiving depth

34
Q

monocular cue

A

depth cue available to either eye alone

35
Q

phi phenomenon

A

illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off un quick succession

36
Q

perceptual constancy

A

perceiving objects as unchani

37
Q

perceptual constancy

A

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

38
Q

audition

A

sense or act of hearing

39
Q

frequency

A

number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

40
Q

pitch

A

tones experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency

41
Q

middle ear

A

chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

42
Q

cochlear

A

coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in inner ear

43
Q

inner ear

A

Intermost part of the ear, containing cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

44
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

most common caused by damage to cochleas receptor cells or to auditory nerve

45
Q

conduction hearing loss

A

less common, caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea

46
Q

cochlear implants

A

device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

47
Q

place theory

A

links pitch we hear with place where cochleas membrane is stimulated

48
Q

frequency theory

A

theory that rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch

49
Q

gate-control theory

A

spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain

50
Q

dissassociation

A

split of consciousness, allows some thoughts to occur simultaneously with others

51
Q

posthypnotic suggestion

A

suggestion to be carried out after subject is no longer hypnotized

52
Q

gustation

A

sense of taste

53
Q

olfacation

A

sense of smell

54
Q

knesthia

A

movement sense

55
Q

vestibular sense

A

sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance

56
Q

sensory interaction

A

principle that one sense can influence another

57
Q

extrasensory perception

A

claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

58
Q

parapsychology

A

study of paranormal phenomena

Psychology (13 decks)

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