Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

TERM 2 BIOL2192 PATHO 1 > CH 8 INFECTION CONTROL > Flashcards

CH 8 INFECTION CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the difference between antisepsis, disinfection, sanitization, and sterilization

A
  1. Antisepsis: using physical/chemical means to remove microorganisms from living tissue.
  2. Disinfection: Removal of vegetative bacteria from tissue or an object.
  3. Sanitization: Reduction of microorganisms from an object through cleansing.
  4. Sterilization: Removing all infectious particles, including spores.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term for slowing of the rate of microbial growth?

A

Microbistasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name an infectious agent that has high resistance.

A

Bacterial endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name some infectious agents with moderate resistance.

A
  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Staph aureus
  3. Pseudomonas
  4. Protozoans
  5. Unenveloped viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name some infectious agents with low resistance

A
  1. Most vegetative bacteria
  2. Fungal spores/hyphae
  3. Enveloped viruses
  4. Yeasts
  5. Trophozoites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does HEPA stand for?

A

High efficiency particulate air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a common example of a filtrative device?

A

Masks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does filtration produce sterile liquids?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why would you use filtration rather than heat?

A

For liquids sensitive to heat like drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is another term for incineration?

A

Dry heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What temperature is pasteurization done at?

A

About 69-72 degrees celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what temperature is dry heating/incineration done?

A

800-6500 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What temperature are most household freezers kept at, and what temperature is more longer term microbistasis done at?

A

-20 degrees and -80 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does radiation do to bacteria?

A

Disrupts DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two examples of ionizing radiation?

A

Gamma rays and x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ionizing radiation do to bacteria?

A

Displaces electrons, forming reactive ions in cells which disrupt their structure

17
Q

What is an example of non ionizing radiation, and what is it used for?

A

UV light, used for municipal water, food, and sterilizing rooms in hospitals

18
Q

What are two alcohols that are used as disinfectants?

A

Ethanol and isopropanol

19
Q

What can alcohol not kill?

A

Spores, viruses

20
Q

What two halogens are used as disinfectants?

A

Chlorine and iodine

21
Q

What are two examples of chlorine based disinfectants?

A

Hypochlorite solution (bleach), and chloramine

22
Q

What is an example of an iodine based product?

23
Q

What are two examples of heavy metals used as disinfectants?

A

Silver and mercury

24
Q

What is the term for the characteristic of heavy metals that make them microbicidal?

A

Oligodynamic

25
What are two examples of phenol based disinfectants?
Carbolic acid, and chlorhexadine
26
How does hydrogen peroxide destroy microbes?
Oxidant, creates free radicals
27
Why would ozone be used to disinfect municipal water as opposed to UV light?
When water contains organic material and UV cannot penetrate it
28
How does soap work to reduce microbial load?
Emulsifying agent
29
How do detergents work to reduce microbial load?
Amphipathic molecules work as surfactants, meaning they break up surface tension of lipid based membranes
30
Name one example of a detergent used to clean floors and surfaces
Quaternary ammonium
31
Name two examples of aldehydes used as disinfectants
Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde
32
How do aldehydes work to decrease microbial load?
Cause protein cross linking, disrupting bacterial cell structure
33
Name 4 reasons microorganisms are becoming resistant to antibiotics
1. Antibiotics have been used indiscriminately 2. They are used in animals that serve as food 3. Antibacterial residues are now present in the environment 4. Lack of new antibiotics
34
Name some examples of drug-resistant microorganisms
1. Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter 2. Candida auris 3. C. diff 4. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacter 5. Drug resistant N. gonorrhea
35
Name 4 mechanisms of drug resistance
1. Drug inactivation e.g. penicilllinases 2. Decreased cell permeability due to cell receptor changes 3. Increased elimination due to presence of membrane protein "drug pumps" 4. Alternate metabolic pathways
36
What is the term for the smallest concentration that visibly inhibits growth of infection?
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
37
What is the term for the ratio of dose that is effective vs. Dose that is toxic to humans?
Therapeutic index

TERM 2 BIOL2192 PATHO 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions