CH 8 ANTIVIRALS ANTIMYCOTICS ANTIPARASITICS Flashcards
Name 5 mechanisms of antiviral drugs
- Block penetration
- Block reverse transcription
- Prevent integration
- Block transcription/translation
- Prevent maturation
Name 2 groups of antiviral drugs that block penetration, and the viruses they treat
- Entry inhibitors (HSV, HIV)
- M2 protein inhibitors (Flu)
What does M2 protein do in viral penetration?
Forms a channel into the cell
Name 2 groups of antiviral drugs that block reverse transcription, and the viruses they treat
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Hep B, HIV)
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV)
Name 2 examples of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Azidothymidine (AZT)
- Lamivudine
What group of drugs blocks integration of HIV DNA?
Integrase inhibitors
Name 4 groups of antivirals that block transcription/translation, and the viruses they treat
- RNA polymerase inhibitors (Flu)
- Oligonucleotides (CMV)
- Nucleoside analogues (HSV, VZV, CMV, Hep B, RSV, HIV)
- Pyrophosphate analogues (CMV, HSV)
What is the purpose of RNA polymerase in viral replication?
Catalyzes mRNA formation
What is the action of oligonucleotides?
Causes transcription errors
What is the action of nucleoside analogues?
Take the place of nucleotides in viral DNA replication, causing chain termination
Name 2 examples of nucleoside analogues and the viruses they treat
- Acyclovir (HSV)
- Ribavirin (RSV)
What is the action of pyrophosphate analogues?
Inhibit DNA polymerase to stop viral genome replication
What group of antivirals prevents maturation, and what viruses do they treat?
Protease inhibitors (HIV, Hep C)
What is the purpose of protease in viral maturation?
Proteolysis and formation of new protein products
Which cytokine is used in Hep B & C to signal the body’s immune response?
Interferon
Which antiviral drug is used in HPV infections to signal the production of interferon?
Imiquimod
Which group of antiviral drugs are used in flu infections to prevent cell lysis?
Neuraminidase inhibitors
What blood product is used in VZV and RSV infections to signal phagocytosis of invaders?
Antibodies
Which antiviral drugs act as antioxidants in HPV infections?
Sinecathechins
Which antiviral drug is used in HPV to directly destroy infected cells?
Podofilox
Name 2 groups of antimycotics
- Macrolide polyenes
- Synthetic azoles
Name 2 examples of macrolide polyenes and their action
- Amphotericin B
- Nystatin
Mimic lipids: binds to fungal cell membrane causing leaky membranes
Name 3 examples of synthetic azoles and their action
- Ketoconazole
- Clotrimazole
- Miconazole
Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell walls
Which antimycotic inhibits mitosis of fungal cells and deposits in precursor cells of skin/hair/nails to provide resistance?
Griseofulvin
