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Promotional: Managing Major Fires > Ch 8. Fighting Fires in Garden Apartments > Flashcards

Ch 8. Fighting Fires in Garden Apartments Flashcards

1
Q

______ are generally defined as 3-story multiple-residence structures, but you’ll come across plenty of 2- and 4-story versions as well. (p. 87)

A

Garden Apartments

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2
Q

Row houses, town houses, ans some low-rise, low-income housing fall into this category. (p. 87)

A

Garden Apartments

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3
Q

In garden apartments, there are normally __ apartments per floor, with __ apartments per section. (p. 87)

A

4; 12

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4
Q

The entire garden apartment complex will consist of similar, if not repetitive, _____. (p.87)

A

Architecture

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5
Q

Midsize and large [garden apartment] complexes, described as _________, can be served by a single driveway and group parking lots. (p.87)

A

4 or more buildings

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6
Q

With the exception of town homes and some row houses, the individual living units are usually _____. Many of these will have a balcony. (p.87)

A

confined to 1 floor

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7
Q

_______ are apt to spend more time at the beach, golf course, and ski resort than at home taking care of the yard. (p.87)

A

Baby boomers

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8
Q

Typically, the single main driveway is narrow. Hopefully, the local zoning officials have been cognizant of ______ when reviewing the plans for new [garden apartment] developments. (p.87)

A

the width of apparatus

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9
Q

The access to individual units is often poor. Many of these [garden apartment] buildings sit well back from the main drive and have parking lots at a distance, meaning that you may not be able to spot the apparatus close to the front of the building. This ______ . (p.87)

A

Negates the use of aerial apparatus

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10
Q

There’s often restricted access to the rear of individual units. Given heavy fire conditions at the front of the [garden apartment] structure, ________. (p. 87)

A

ladder operations at the rear may be hampered

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11
Q

The individual [garden apartment] units may be designated by ____, _____, or _____, but sometimes nothing sets them apart from other units. (p. 88)

A

numbers, letters, or names

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12
Q

Unless _____ are strong on designating [identifying] [garden apartment] units, there can be as many ways of identifying individual units as there are complexes in the community. (p. 88)

A

Building Codes

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13
Q

_____ may lead to water supply problems. Long hose lays from city hydrants located on the main streets may be required. (p. 88)

A

Lax codes

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14
Q

Typically, the [garden apartment] occupancies aren’t protected with ______. (p. 88)

A

either automatic sprinklers or standpipe systems

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15
Q

The life hazard and fire load can both be high. These [garden apartment] occupancies aren’t noted for wide open spaces. _________ will contribute to the rapid spread of fire and early flashover. (p. 88)

A

Combustible furniture and floor coverings

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16
Q

Regardless of their exterior facade, the majority of garden apartments of _____ construction. (p. 88)

A

Wood

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17
Q

[In garden apartments], there may be some local differences, and _____ may indicate that a different style has been used; (p. 88)

A

year of construction

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18
Q

The essential mode of construction [of a garden apartment] is similar to that of ______. (p. 88)

A

single-family wood-frame houses

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19
Q

Some garden apartments built in the East in the 30’s and 40’s have exterior load-bearing walls of _____. Wood joists were tied to the exterior walls by a wooden ledger bolted to the brick or by a corbel. (p. 88)

A

ordinary construction

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20
Q

A _____ is a brick shelf constructed in the wall itself. (p.88)

A

Corbel

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21
Q

In some low-income housing projects, the exterior walls are of ordinary construction with _______ ceilings and floors. (p. 88)

A

concrete

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22
Q

Most of the wood-frame garden apartments were constructed after ________ became more or less extinct, between 1940 and 1950. (p. 89)

A

balloon framing

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23
Q

The majority [of garden apartments] have _____ construction. (p. 89)

A

platform

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24
Q

Newer versions [of garden apartments] are being made with _____ construction, which pose additional hazards to firefighters. (p. 89)

A

Truss-frame

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25
Q

Typically, ordinary-constructed [garden apartment] exterior load-bearing walls can have _______ as a finished exterior, or walls of _____. (p. 89)

A

painted concrete masonry units; brick veneer

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26
Q

Wood-frame garden apartments can have ____, _____, or ____, or perhaps _____ veneer. (p.89)

A

wood lap, vinyl, or aluminum siding, or brick

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27
Q

_____ roofs are the exception and not the rule [for garden apartments]. (p. 89)

A

Flat

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28
Q

______ or ______ with tar and gravel over plywood is common in newer complexes that have flat roofs. (p. 89)

A

Parallel-chord truss or engineered plywood I-beam

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29
Q

Some low-income housing projects can have _____ roof assemblies with a membrane covering of rubber or tar and stone. (p. 89)

A

concrete

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30
Q

Most garden apartments have pitched roofs, either ____ or _____. (p. 89)

A

gable or mansard

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31
Q

Some of the older [garden apartment] types use a true gable roof system with wooden rafters, normally _____, as beams and a single ridge board, normally _____ or larger, that supports the slope. (p. 89)

A

2X6; 2X6

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32
Q

Newer [garden apartment] roof assemblies are of _______. These are traditionally 2X4 assemblies. Some 2X6 assemblies can be found, but are rare. (p. 89)

A

truss construction

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33
Q

What is the Prime concern at a garden apartment fire? (p. 90)

A

life safety

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34
Q

The floors [in garden apartments] are generally of _____ construction, with 2 exceptions.

A

wood-joist

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35
Q

[floor exception 1/2] In concrete construction garden apartments, similar to low-income housing projects, the floor assemblies are of ______. (p. 90)

A

concrete

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36
Q

[floor exception 2/2] Newer garden apartments can have _____ or _____ construction. (p. 90)

A

engineered wooden I-beam or truss-beam

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37
Q

The majority of garden apartments have _______ supporting the floors. (p. 90)

A

wooden joists

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38
Q

[as garden apartment subflooring] you will find ____ or ____ inch plywood with a variety of floor coverings above that. (p. 90)

A

3/8- or 1/2-

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39
Q

In cheaply constructed [garden apartment] units, there may be ____ or ____ rather than plywood as the subflooring. These deteriorate rapidly when assaulted by fire. (p. 90)

A

particle board or chip board

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40
Q

What state and local entities approve construction plans and should have prints on hand or other references? (p. 90)

A

building officials

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41
Q

______ contain site drawings indicating the type of construction. (p. 90)

A

Sanborn maps

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42
Q

Garden apartments tend to be ______. Apartments on the same floor are ______ of each other. (p. 90)

A

symmetrical; mirror images

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43
Q

It is economical [in garden apartments] to have ______ that run in line from the basement apartment up through the attic, serving both kitchens and bathrooms. (p. 90)

A

plumbing shafts

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44
Q

The caliber of the _______ will have a great bearing on how easily fire travels through these [plumbing shaft] voids. (p. 90)

A

drywall taping

45
Q

Anywhere you find ______ [in garden apartments], you’ll find a ready-made avenue for the transmission of smoke and flame. (p. 90-91)

A

channels for utilities of any kind

46
Q

Even if backdraft conditions don’t exist, intense fire can take hold of the space between ______. (p. 91)

A

the top floor and the roof

47
Q

The truss roof assemblies in garden apartment buildings tend to be more stable than those in other types of structures due to ______. (p. 91)

A

the number of walls beneath them, both bearing and nonbearing.

48
Q

Even though partition walls aren’t _____ walls, they still lend some support to the bottom chord of the truss. (p. 91)

A

bearing

49
Q

_____ should be done with caution and only if no substantial fire has entered the truss area. (p. 91)

A

Ventilation

50
Q

[Garden apartments] use 1/2-inch drywall on the walls, either ___ or ____ inches on center. (p. 91)

A

16 or 24

51
Q

Most building codes call for _____ or ______ in the [garden apartment] attic, cockloft, or truss loft. (p. 91)

A

firewalls or separations

52
Q

Unless you observe the [garden apartment] building while it is under construction, you should assume that the fire separations have been ____, often for phone lines, cable TV, or to add insulation in the attic. It’s best also to assume that the area _______ after the alteration was made. (p. 91-92)

A

pierced; resealed

53
Q

If all of the [garden] apartments are occupied at the time of the fire, the potential is for a minimum of ______ fatalities per section. (p. 92)

A

12

54
Q

Depending on _____, ____, and ____, the risk [for fatalities at a garden apartment fire] may be much greater. (p. 92)

A

the size of the unit, the season, and the time of day

55
Q

[In a garden apartment fire], ____ should be a top priority, and conduction these operations will be labor-intensive in the face of heavy fire and smoke. (p. 92)

A

Search

56
Q

Using the oriented method of search, it will take a well-trained crew of 3 approximately ____ to ____ minutes to search 2 [garden apartment] units. (p. 92)

A

5-7

57
Q

If 1 crew is used to search an entire [garden apartment] section, it will take approximately _____ to ____ minutes and at least 1 bottle change. (p. 92)

A

30-35

58
Q

To be effective in searching a garden apartment complex in heavy smoke, you’ll need a minimum of _____. (p. 93)

A

three 3-person crews

59
Q

If the fire occurs in a single [garden] apartment, you’ll need to draw the smoke out ______ and away from the corridors. This is best done with mechanical fans. (p. 93)

A

horizontally

60
Q

________ [ventilation] works best [in a garden apartment] if the seat of the fire has been located and an acceptable vent hole for the smoke is available. (p. 93)

A

positive pressure

61
Q

If the fire has taken hold of the [garden apartment] attic space, ______ ventilation by way of a vent hole, either man-made or self-venting, is best. (p. 93)

A

Natural

62
Q

Sudden collapse _____ a major concern in a garden apartment. (p. 93)

A

is not

63
Q

[in a garden apartment], attic areas may collapse down to the ______. (p. 93)

A

ceiling of the top most floor

64
Q

[Garden apartment] roof collapses may be _____, but they tend not to bring on total structural failure. (p. 93)

A

sudden

65
Q

Any attempt to ven the [garden apartment] attic must be done _____. Well-advanced attic fires will, in time, vent themselves. (p. 93)

A

caution

66
Q

[Garden apartment] floor collapse, especially of truss floors or floors on wooden I-beams, tend to be ______. (p.93)

A

more localized

67
Q

Normally, if conditions allow for interior attack, _____. (p. 93)

A

structural collapse won’t occur

68
Q

The main reason that general collapse isn’t a major concern in [garden apartments], even with truss assemblies, is the presence of ___ and ____ above and below the trusses. (p. 94)

A

bearing and partition walls

69
Q

________ and ______walls tend to restrict total collapse of the truss and they add support to adjacent members. (p. 94)

A

bearing and partition

70
Q

[garden apartment] occupants who can’t flee by way of the interior hall and stairway may ______. (p. 94)

A

go to their balcony

71
Q

As a general rule, those who are screaming the loudest are usually _______. (p. 94)

A

in the least imminent danger

72
Q

[in garden apartments] most balconies are supported by _____. (p. 94)

A

cantilevered beams tied to floor joists

73
Q

For reasons of safety, teams of ____ should be the rule for operations involving a balcony. (p. 95)

A

2 and a ground ladder

74
Q

As always, _____ is your primary concern at a fire in a garden apartment building. (p. 95)

A

life safety

75
Q

What dictates operations at a garden apartment fire? (p. 95)

A

Staffing

76
Q

If you don’t have enough manpower [at a garden apartment fire] to conduct search, rescue, ventilation, suppression and other key operations simultaneously, __________. (p.95)

A

put out the fire and vent. Look for victims next.

77
Q

______ must ensure that provisions are in place to control any occupants who come out of the [garden apartment fire] building. (p. 96)

A

The incident commander

78
Q

The ______ is the likely one to handle this strategic concern [of corralling and controlling displaced occupants]. He can provide the occupants with information on what to expect, how to contact insurance carriers, and steps being taken to salvage belongings. (p. 96)

A

information officer

79
Q

In almost every [garden apartment] situation, the primary tactic to use is ______. (p. 96)

A

an aggressive interior attack

80
Q

Consider lines of ____ to be a minimum even at a room and contents fire. (p. 96)

A

1 3/4-inch

81
Q

[at a garden apartment fire], take in the lines along the most direct route. normally this means _____ to the involved section. (p. 96)

A

through the front door

82
Q

One of the principles of fire attack is to place initial lines with the intention of _______. (p. 96)

A

confining the fire to the smallest area possible

83
Q

Go in and push the fire out. Make sure that an avenue for the fire to follow has been provided. The ______ can easily handle this task. (p.97)

A

outside vent man

84
Q

______ can allow for additional fire spread, and it may cost lives or cause injury. (p. 97)

A

Hesitation

85
Q

________ is key. In most instances with fires in garden apartments, you should go in as soon as possible and go in big. (p. 97)

A

Aggressive attacks of sufficient size

86
Q

When fire is advance, search can be difficult in garden apartments. Give priority to _____ and then _____ in the direction of travel. (p.97)

A

involved section; adjoining sections

87
Q

If conditions indicate that there are savable victims in the fire apartment, ______. (p. 97)

A

start your search there

88
Q

The maximum number of members that one oriented man can effectively control is _____. (p. 98)

A

4

89
Q

As soon as practical, get someone to the rear of the structure. Often a quick accounting of fire concerns in the rear can help you calculate ________. (p.98)

A

where people are apt to be throughout the building

90
Q

Ventilation for fires on lower floors can normally be handled best by ______ techniques using _____. (p. 98)

A

horizontal; positive-pressure fans

91
Q

____ is needed by company officers at every fire. (p.98)

A

focus

92
Q

Why is focus needed especially for the officer in charge of backup? (p. 98)

A

Not only must he resist looking for fire to put out, he must also restrain his crew from falling for the same temptation

93
Q

When a fire occurs in a garden apartment and you’ve been assigned Backup, your sole focus should be on ______ and ______. (p.100)

A

the safety of interior crews and providing a constant, unimpeded route in and out of the building.

94
Q

[garden apartments] Under most conditions, the backup line should be positioned ____. (p. 100)

A

in the same stairway as the attack line

95
Q

[Garden apartments] Under normal circumstances, _____ will be the most important area where fire spread must be checked. (p. 100)

A

the hallway

96
Q

[garden apartments] When search is assigned, the backup line should ____. (p.100)

A

shadow the search crew

97
Q

If the fire is on a lower floor and the search team is on an upper floor, then the backup line must be stretched ______. Under most circumstances, it should be positioned ______, with sufficient slack in case advancement is required. (p. 101)

A

up to where those members are working; at one end of the hall, at the stairs,

98
Q

If the backup team needs to shadow 2 search crews, one on one floor and one on the floor above, then the line must be stretched ______. (p. 101)

A

to the higher floor and with additional slack

99
Q

This is another advantage to using the oriented method [of search], __________. (p. 101)

A

keeping the oriented officer in the hallway while his crew searches

100
Q

________ are enhanced and made easier with the search officer in the hall and the backup officer on the stairs. (p. 101)

A

Communications

101
Q

If searches are being conducted on all three levels of a garden apartment, then it’s almost a certainty that ______. (p. 101)

A

2 backup lines will be required.

102
Q

The [garden apartment] walls will hold in a lot of heat, since drywall is very _____, but once fire reaches the internal structure of the building, it can travel widely. (p. 102)

A

endothermic

103
Q

Once drywall is subjected to excessive heat, it begins to give up _____ . When this happens, the paint on the walls will blister and never look the same again. (p. 102)

A

its moisture

104
Q

_______ and ______will probably play the greatest role in what should be done first at a garden apartment fire. (p.103)

A

The extent of fire upon arrival and the fire’s location

105
Q

A ____ should help RIT determine the best location to stage. (p.104)

A

360-degree walkaround

106
Q

If the fire is in the front of the apartment, it may be best for RIT to stage at the ______, where access will be easier, safer, and probably faster. (p. 104)

A

rear

107
Q

The purpose of the first line must be to _______. Keep the fire out of the hall and then push it out of the apartment. (p. 106)

A

confine the fire to the smallest area possible

108
Q

If the initial 1 3/4-inch attack line can’t darken down the fire within _____, an additional attack line will be necessary. (p.107)

A

60 seconds

109
Q

Large department response to garden apartment fire:

A

1st E: secure water and pull a line
2nd E: assist with stretch and then pull a 2nd attack line or if conditions are severe, pull a backup line.
3rd E: get a line above the fire
1st T: outside ventilation, forcible entry and initial search
2nd T: ladder the building, topside ventilation, assist in search

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