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Promotional: Managing Major Fires > Ch 13. Fighting Fires in Enclosed Malls > Flashcards

Ch 13. Fighting Fires in Enclosed Malls Flashcards

1
Q

An enclosed mall is essentially _____. (187)

A

Main Street without the traffic

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2
Q

_____ is a multilayered string of retail stores and restaurants under a single roof, with limited means of access.

A

Enclosed mall

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3
Q

The average retail store [in an enclosed mall] can range from less than _____ to more than _____. (187)

A

200 sq ft; 400 sq ft

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4
Q

The anchor stores [in enclosed malls] customarily rise to at least 2 levels and may be _____ sq ft per floor. (187)

A

50,000 to 100,000

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5
Q

Given the ceiling height in some of these [converted enclosed malls], you may encounter advanced fire due to _____, as well as _____. (187)

A

delayed activation of the system; fires in areas remote to or hidden from the sprinkler flow

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6
Q

The degree of life hazard will vary with _____. (187)

A

time of day as well as the season

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7
Q

Some stores do ____ percent more of their annual sales volume during the december holiday season. (188)

A

60

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8
Q

Generally the [enclosed mall] life hazard will be highest around __3___. (188)

A

1) the winter holiday season
2) in the spring
3) when kids are returning to school

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9
Q

Volume decreases [for the enclosed mall] during the off-season months of __3___. (188)

A

1) June
2) July
3) October

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10
Q

Fire loads in these [enclosed mall] occupancies vary greatly, depending on _____. (188)

A

the merchandise at hand.

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11
Q

Buildings larger than 12,000 sq ft may be unsprinklered if _____. (188)

A

there are rated fire separations that reduce individual areas to less than that size.

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12
Q

If the exterior load-bearing walls are wholly of concrete and the building is only one story tall, suspect _____. (189)

A

tilt-up concrete construction

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13
Q

[tilt-up concrete construction] buildings are essentially held together by _____. (189)

A

steel cable, which can fail at around 800 degrees F

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14
Q

[enclosed mall] conversions can present _____ concerns for firefighters. (189)

A

construction

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15
Q

Heavy smoke conditions [in an enclosed mall] mandate that we ____ for victims rather than just look for them. (191)

A

feel

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16
Q

A fire that involves half a floor of an anchor store could require fire flows of _____ to control. (191)

A

more than 16,000 gpm

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17
Q

For the IC, the primary strategic consideration will probably be ____, and the second will be ____. (191)

A

1) life safety

2) extinguishment

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18
Q

In most situations where there are known victims inside, and assuming that the sprinkler system is incapable of handling the flames, the IC will have to consider _____. (191)

A

an aggressive fire attack

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19
Q

_____ will have to be correct if the responders are to confine the fire successfully and provide the maximum edge for civilians. (191)

A

Nozzle placement

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20
Q

Follow the attack [at an enclose mall fire], _____ becomes the priority. (191)

A

ventilation

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21
Q

Two distinct concerns presented [when considering ventilation at an enclose mall fire]: (191)

A

1) life safety

2) the need to minimize fire loss (even to occupancies not directly involved in the fire)

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22
Q

Controlling the rescued and self-evacuated means _____, not to mention the help of the police and a little planning. (191)

A

having a place to put them

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23
Q

Round up and control your evacuees. Use __3___, but keep close tabs on them. (191)

A

1) buses
2) unoccupied buildings
3) whatever is available

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24
Q

Most fires in these [enclosed mall] buildings are _____. (191)

A

small and rarely beyond the capacity of sprinklers and a simple mop-up line.

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25
Q

There are two considerations when confronted by a working fire in an enclose mall. (191)

A

1) strength and volume of the line.

2) avenue of attack

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26
Q

[At an enclose mall fire], make every effort to get a line _____. (192)

A

between the victims and the fire

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27
Q

[An enclose mall fire] is one instance in which the positioning of the line has a clear bearing on _____. (192)

A

the number of persons protected and the amount of property saved

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28
Q

[At an enclosed mall fire], the moth-to-the-flame syndrome, i.e., stretching directly to the fire, can often translate into _____. (192)

A

needless loss and injury

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29
Q

For fires located in anchor stores, take the initial line through _____. (192)

A

an adjacent door (initial lines should be taken in to confine the fire to the smallest area possible. pg 193)

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30
Q

When the fire is in one of the smaller stores along the mall itself, ______ should get protection between the victims and the fire. (192)

A

Taking the line in from the central walkway

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31
Q

When the [enclosed mall] fire occurs along the pedestrian walkway, take the lines via _____. (194)

A

the closest means of access

32
Q

When the [enclosed mall] fire occurs along the pedestrian walkway, employing _____ will inhibit spread, and it won’t introduce the elements of push that results from attacking the fire directly. (194)

A

an indirect attack with smooth-bore or straight-streams directed at the ceiling

33
Q

_____ should not initially be a major concern at a fire in an enclosed mall. (194)

A

Ventilation

34
Q

By code, new enclosed malls are build with _____ that keep the smoke from banking down to the floor, even in working fires. (194)

A

HVAC systems containing ventilators and ejectors

35
Q

[At enclosed mall fires] take the roof, take the _____. (193)

A

glass

36
Q

[When venting an enclosed mall fire by taking out the glass on the roof], get someone below you, preferably with _____, and ensure that the fall area is clear before you take out any glass. (194)

A

a thermal imager

37
Q

If, [at a fire in an anchor store at an enclosed mall], you can only accomplish a partial search, it may be better to commit your on-scene crews to _____ and leave search for other units. (194)

A

aggressive attack

38
Q

The search method of choice at an enclosed mall fire is ____. (194)

A

the oriented method, working off of a 2 1/2” line

39
Q

To discuss search is to discuss two constraints: (195)

A

1) Staffing

2) Time

40
Q

In a large area, it would be reasonable to expect 2 firefighters and an office can search no more than about _____ in 15 minutes. This is an open floor area with few or no obstructions. (195)

A

5000 sq ft

41
Q

In an anchor store, you’ll need more than _____ crews to cover 100,000 sq ft effectively. (195)

A

20

42
Q

[The author] gives civilians _____ of search time in a primary search mode when the smoke is heavy. After that, secondary search will probably be warranted. (195)

A

15 minutes

43
Q

Survivability increases when _____, and self-rescues become more likely. (195)

A

visibility is better

44
Q

_____ will drain resources faster than any other fireground operation. (195)

A

Large-area searches

45
Q

_____ are a necessity for mall fires, and they play a dual role. (196)

A

backup lines

46
Q

[At mall fires], the mission of the backup team is to _____ and _____, but may also be needed to _____. (195)

A

1) protect the interior crews
2) ensure their route of egress
3) maintain the evacuation route for civilians

47
Q

Through proper line placement and discipline, the backup officer must establish coverage _____ as well as _____. (195)

A

1) between the civilians and the fire

2) between the members and the fire

48
Q

“Proper line placement” for a backup crew [at a mall fire] means _____. (195)

A

directly behind the interior crews

49
Q

to be effective, the backup team cannot _____. (195)

A

move ahead of the suppression team

50
Q

[Backup] members aren’t looking for fire, they are looking for _____. (195)

A

victimes

51
Q

The best route for the backup team to follow is _____. (195)

A

along the attack line

52
Q

The _____ will have a great bearing on the number of search and backup crews needed. (197)

A

size and location of the fire

53
Q

The officer and crew of the backup team need _____ so that their focus won’t be blurred. (197)

A

discipline

54
Q

The greatest temptation for a crew with a large hose is _____. (197)

A

to put out fire, especially when a large flame is right in front of them.

55
Q

[For RIT at mall fires] the usual 360 degree of the walk-around of the fire structure will be required, with the lion’s share of attention going to _____. (197)

A

construction concerns

56
Q

Converted enclosed malls probably pose more problems for a RIT than the newer versions, and _____ is principally at fault for this. (197)

A

the vast array of construction types

57
Q

The members of the RIT should use _____ SCBA bottles. (198)

A

1-hour SCBA bottles for extra time

58
Q

If the RIT members are using 1-hour bottles, then the support team should start inward to meet them no more that ______ after the bottles have been activated. (198)

A

12 minutes

59
Q

On each trip, the support members should take ____. (198)

A

1 bottle for each member of the RIT as well as bottles for themselves

60
Q

_____ will be required when confronted with an advanced fire during business hours at an enclosed mall. (198)

A

An EMS branch

61
Q

The officer of the EMS branch will work for _____. (198)

A

the operations officer

62
Q

The EMS group will be responsible for _____. (198)

A

establishing triage and treatment for the injured civilians, as well as transportation to medical facilities.

63
Q

Anchor stores in enclosed malls can range from _____ to more than _____. (203 & 310)

A

50,000 to more than 100,000

64
Q

Very few enclosed malls are protected by automatic sprinkler systems. True or false? (203 & 310)

A

false (Most)

65
Q

What type of construction is used in most converted malls? (203 & 310)

A

Ordinary

66
Q

The two biggest factors in estimating the potential for life hazard in an enclosed mall are _____ and _____. (203 & 310)

A

The time of day and the season

67
Q

Lightweight construction can be expected in new enclosed malls. True or false (203 & 310)

A

True

68
Q

For the IC, the primary strategic consideration at a fire in an enclosed mall will be _____. (203 & 310)

A

Life safety

69
Q

The moth to the flame syndrome can have negative effects in fires in enclosed malls. True or False? (203 & 310)

A

True

70
Q

HVAC systems generally have little positive effect on working structure fires in enclosed malls. True or False? (203 & 310)

A

False

71
Q

The atrium glass may be effective as a means of ventilation in an enclosed mall. True or false? (203 & 310)

A

True

72
Q

What are the two constraints as it relates to search in an enclosed mall? (203 & 310)

A

Staffing and time

73
Q

Generally, one backup crew can cover up to three search teams in a working fire in an enclosed mall. True or false? (203 & 310)

A

False (1 backup per search)

74
Q

The _____ will have the greatest bearing on the number of search and backup crews needed. (203 & 310)

A

Size and location of the fire

75
Q

RIT will always stage at the command post at a fire in an enclosed mall. True or false? (203 & 310)

A

False

76
Q

If available, a _____ SCBA bottle should be used at a fire in an enclosed mall. (203 & 310)

A

1-hour

77
Q

If many civilians are injured at a fire in an enclosed mall, an EMS under _____ may need to be established. (203 & 310)

A

Operations

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