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Promotional: Managing Major Fires > Ch 11. Fighting Fires in Institutional Occupancies > Flashcards

Ch 11. Fighting Fires in Institutional Occupancies Flashcards

1
Q

The term _____ covers a range of facilities in which large numbers of people may be residing under somewhat confining circumstances. (151)

A

institutional occupancy

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2
Q

______ are the quintessential institutional occupancies., since their firefighting concerns are all quite similar. 3 (151)

A

1) Hospitals
2) Penal institutions
3) Schools

Nursing homes qualify as well

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3
Q

The key problem that arises when fire strikes an institution is one of _____, since many of the residents won’t be able to do so themselves. (151)

A

Rescue

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4
Q

[At an institutional fire], to help stave of many of the difficulties associated with rescue, the primary strategic thrust becomes ____. (151)

A

defend in place

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5
Q

The fundamental premise behind implementing [the defending in place] strategy is that there are _____. The second given in the equation is that _____. (151)

A

significant numbers of people to be taken out; Group rescue is rarely a possibility

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6
Q

To save as many victims in an institutional occupancy as possible, _____ becomes the premier option. (151)

A

defending in place

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7
Q

The term, ______, mean just what it says. Instead of removing [victims] to safe areas, firefighters commit all of their efforts toward extinguishment and ventilation efforts. (151)

A

defending in place

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8
Q

Most modern institutional occupancies are protected with _____ and _____. (153)

A

automatic sprinklers and standpipes

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9
Q

Older institutional occupancies tend to be: 4 (153)

A

1) Built to last
2) Constructed of fire-resistant material
3) Built with massive components
4) Compartmentalized

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10
Q

Older penal institutions and hospitals may be several stories tall but aren’t what we would call high-rises. _____ or _____ floors are usually the maximum. (153)

A

Four or five

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11
Q

Older penal institutions and hospitals are sound, and if collapse occurs, it is precipitated by _____. (153)

A

a fault in the floors or roof

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12
Q

Older schools that are still in use today are predominantly of ______ construction. (153)

A

ordinary

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13
Q

Older schools that are still in use today are more than one story but seldom exceed ____. (153)

A

four

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14
Q

The structural integrity of a school is improved by _____. (153)

A

the compartmentalization of it’s interior

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15
Q

Modern penal institutions contain more ____ and _____, and they have less brick. (153)

A

steel and concrete

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16
Q

Some [modern penal institutions] may have exterior brick veneer walls so as to blend into the neighborhood better, but _____ will be the main support, and _____ will span the area between them to keep out the elements. (153)

A

steel columns; CMUs (concrete masonry units)

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17
Q

Modern hospitals are built of _____ and ____, and schools can be a combination of these materials. (153)

A

steel and concrete

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18
Q

By the NFPA rating, most or all of these [institutional] structures would either be ____ or ____. (153)

A

Class I or Class II

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19
Q

[In institutional occupancy fires] _____ can produce very hot fires and deadly smoke in seconds. (153)

A

interior furnishings

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20
Q

Most of the [older institutional] roofs are ____, supported by __3__. (153)

A

flat supported by columns, wooden girders, and joists.

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21
Q

whether the newer roof is flat or pitched, expect _____ support for these [institutional] occupancies. (155)

A

lightweight

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22
Q

Older penal institution and hospital’s floors aren’t susceptible to rapid, universal collapse. Rather, the give plenty of warning, generally in the form of ___3__. (155)

A

1) Profound sagging
2) Sponginess
3) Attention-getting moans and groans

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23
Q

Newer institutional occupancies tend to be very compartmentalized. Flame spread is usually held to a room or part of a floor by _____. (156)

A

self-closing doors.

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24
Q

In older institutional occupancies, the spread of fire is assisted by numerous openings. Most of these buildings had _____. (156)

A

wide-open, unprotected stairwells

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25
Q

Older schools, if involved, can produce an abundance of dense smoke. __3___ can all contribute to the generation of high levels of heat. (156)

A

1) Varnished floors
2) Lath-and-plaster interior walls
3) wooden desks

26
Q

The _____ can be overwhelming at a working fire in an institutional occupancy. (156)

A

life hazard

27
Q

For a responder on the first alarm [institutional occupancy fire], the ratio of victims ro rescuers can be greater than _____. (156)

A

50-to-1

28
Q

It’s vital that an incident commander know 2 things [at an institutional occupancy fire]: (156)

A

1) Whether the building is protected by automatic sprinklers and standpipes
2) the capabilities of the crew available to him

29
Q

Given the potential scale of these sorts of incidents, [institutional occupancy fires], if things go awry, it’s best to concentrate on _____. (156)

A

managing the cause of the overall problem-which is the fire

30
Q

One obstacle that must be overcome at fires in a prison or jail is ____. (157)

A

access to specific areas

31
Q

_____ can present maze-like floor patterns in “zero” visibility conditions. (157)

A

Bars

32
Q

To defend in place means that all crews must be committed to quick extinguishment and ventilation of the contaminated areas. ______ is key. (158)

A

Aggressive attack

33
Q

[for an aggressive attack at an institutional occupancy fire], _____ will help foster the safest operation. (158)

A

multiple attack lines taken from the same direction

34
Q

[At a fire at an institutional occupancy] if _____ are present, opt to use them over lengthy stretches, since doing so will help you avoid unnecessary lays and delays. (158)

A

standpipes

35
Q

Afire stream will put out all the fire it can reach in _____. (158)

A

30 to 60 seconds

36
Q

The _____ will make or break the entire operation. (158)

A

placement of the first line

37
Q

For the greatest good, protecting the most, we must _____. Sometimes a small contingent of occupants may temporarily have to be placed in greater harm so as to do the best for the majority. (158)

A

cut the spread of fire, heat, and smoke

38
Q

[at an institutional occupancy fire] for proper control, _____ are essential. (158)

A

multiple attack lines

39
Q

[at an institutional occupancy fire], once hoselines are in place and operating, _____ should commence as soon as possible. (158)

A

ventilation

40
Q

[at an institutional occupancy fire], _____ may be the ones best able to open a proper vent prior to operation of the [positive pressure] fan. (158)

A

members of the attack crew

41
Q

In a wing-type nursing home, the first line should be stretched to get the nozzle _____. (159)

A

between the fire and the most victims

42
Q

What can make searching a classroom difficult? (159)

A

moveable desks

43
Q

Searches in a defend-in-place operation will be _____, and the efforts at locating and accounting for the exposed will be more of a triage. (160)

A

minimal

44
Q

Searches in schools can be difficult. _____ is the best option. (160)

A

Coordinated search with rapid ventilation

45
Q

Evacuation operation are perhaps most likely in _____. (160)

A

schools

46
Q

_____ will help facilitate evacuations in a school. (160)

A

backup lines

47
Q

If you have enough manpower [at a school fire] to do so, pull more than one backup line. The first should _____. (160)

A

shadow any unprotected crew (ex. search teams)

48
Q

If additional staffing isn’t available [at a school fire], then _____ will help facilitate the evacuation. (160)

A

a hoseline at each stairway. (Throw the hose to the inside of the stairwell and have a firefighter stationed where it crosses in front of the last step)

49
Q

In penal institutions and hospitals, having a backup line will normally be a second thought. The initial efforts in hospitals and prisons should be toward _____. (160)

A

putting out the fire and ventilating.

50
Q

One of the toughest parts of being a chief officer at one of these [institutional occupancy] fires is in finding the balance between _______. (160)

A

aggressiveness in firefighting and concern for the safety of your crews.

51
Q

Crews will extend themselves to a greater extent in these buildings than they will in other occupancies. (160)

A

institutional occupancies

52
Q

The key to fires in institutional occupancies is that the residents inside are under somewhat _____ circumstances. (167 & 309)

A

Confining

53
Q

The key problem with fires in institutional occupancies is one of _____. (167 & 309)

A

Rescue

54
Q

To control this [rescue] concern, a _____ strategy is usually warranted in fires in institutional occupancies. (167 & 309)

A

Defend in place

55
Q

The normal victim/rescuer ratio should be considered _____. (167 & 309)

A

1 for every 2

56
Q

What is the key to a defend-in-place strategy? (167 & 309)

A

Aggressive attack

57
Q

_____ will make or break a defend-in-place strategy. (167 & 309)

A

The placement of the first hose line

58
Q

Who usually is in the best place to open the proper vent hole for PPV? (167 & 309)

A

Attack crew

59
Q

When can staff and doctors be used to assist in victim removal at a hospital or nursing home fire? (167 & 309)

A

After flames have been knocked down and smoke cleared

60
Q

With defend-in-place operations, search will be more of a _____ than actually removing victims. (167 & 309)

A

Triage

61
Q

As it relates to school fires, what could be the best option as it relates to search? (167 & 309)

A

Aggressive ventilation

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