Ch. 8 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Flashcards
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
“Allergy” means deleterious effects of hypersensitivity.
“Immunity” means an altered immunologic response.
“Hypersensitivity” means the protective response to an antigen.
“Autoimmunity” is the normal response to foreign antigens.
“Allergy” means deleterious effects of hypersensitivity
Which of the following is NOT one of the four distinct types of hypersensitivity reactions? Type I IgE allergic reactions Type II tissue-specific reactions Type III immune complex reactions Type IV autoimmune reactions
Type IV autoimmune reactions
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hypersensitivity reactions?
They require sensitization against a particular antigen.
They occur after the primary immune response.
Reactions are always delayed.
The most delayed reaction is anaphylaxis.
They require sensitization against a particular antigen
Which of the following is an accurate description of a type I reaction?
It is mediated by IgA.
Most type I reactions are allergic.
Most occur against medications.
It never contributes to autoimmune diseases.
Most type I reactions are allergic
Which of the following is the term for an antibody that binds to a mast cell? Cytotropic Allergen Antigen Fc
Cytotropic
Which of the following is NOT an action of histamine?
It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
It increases vascular permeability.
It causes edema.
It increases blood flow into the affected area.
It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Which of the following is FALSE regarding type I allergic responses?
They can be controlled by controlling histamine.
A negative feedback mechanism stops degranulation.
Most of the biologic effects are due to histamine.
The tissues affected in type I reactions have small concentrations of mast cells.
The tissues affected in type I reactions have small concentrations of mast cells
Which of the following is NOT another name for urticaria? Rhinitis Hives Wheal/flare Dermal skin reaction
Rhinitis
Which of the following is TRUE regarding atopic individuals?
If one parent has allergies, there is a 4% chance the offspring will have allergies.
If two parents have allergies, there is a 50% chance their offspring will have allergies.
Atopic individuals tend to produce higher quantities of IgE.
There are no genes associated with an atopic state.
Atopic individuals tend to produce higher quantities of IgE
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of how type II hypersensitivity affects cells?
The cell is destroyed by antibody and complement.
Antibody may cause phagocytosis.
Components of neutrophils will release their granules.
Antigen-mediated cytotoxicity occurs.
Antigen-mediated cytotoxicity occurs
Which of the following is TRUE of “serum sickness”?
It is caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood.
It is deposition of complexes in the blood vessels.
It occurs through cytotoxic T cells.
It binds antigen to the cell surface.
It is caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood
Which of the following is NOT an example of type IV sensitivity reactions? Graft rejection Skin test for tuberculosis Arthus reactions Autoimmune processes
Arthus reactions
Which of the following is TRUE regarding type IV allergic reaction? Immediate in its action Infiltrates with B cells Has a red, soft center Can be transferred by cells
Can be transferred by cells
Which of the following is an example of alloimmune disease? Tuberculin reaction Graves' disease Contact dermatitis Penicillin allergy
Graves’ disease
A woman presents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would you expect to see? Male gender White race Arthritis Memory loss
Arthritis
A person in the ICU has a history of a kidney transplant. Which of the following is TRUE regarding rejection?
It is a type IV hypersensitivity.
Hyperacute rejection is common.
Acute rejection occurs within months to years.
Without drugs it takes years for rejection.
It is a type IV hypersensitivity
A person is transfused with a unit of unmatched packed RBCs. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding transfusion?
There are only three different RBC antigens.
There are 80 major carbohydrate antigens.
People with O type blood have neither A or B antigens.
A person with type A blood contains anti-O antibodies.
People with O type blood have neither A or B antigens
A person has type AB-positive blood. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
This person produces no anti-D antibodies.
This person has one genotype, DD.
This person has the dd genotype.
About 15% of the population is Rh positive.
This person produces no anti-D antibodies
A colleague has been stuck by a needle with blood from an HIV-infected person. Which of the following statements regarding HIV is TRUE?
It is a retrovirus.
It carries its genetic information in DNA.
It uses reverse transcriptase to convert DNA to RNA.
It uses reverse transcriptase to insert virus into infected cells.
It is a retrovirus
A person has AIDS. Which of the following symptoms would you NOT expect to see?
Increased appetite
Kaposi sarcoma
Perianal vesicular and ulcerative lesions
Deterioration of vision from cytomegalovirus
Increased appetite
Secondary immune deficiencies:
are related to genetic defects.
can be associated with psychologic stress.
are associated with clinically relevant infections.
are combined T- and B-cell deficiencies.
can be associated with psychologic stress
Which of the following has NOT been associated with depressed immune function? Age Psychologic stress Malignancies Vaccines
Vaccines
