Ch. 17 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards
In regards to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which of the following is TRUE?
There are 1.4 million head injuries a year in the United States.
The majority of injuries do not require hospitalization.
Twenty percent of head injuries are mild.
Eighty percent of head injuries are severe.
There are 1.4 million head injuries a year in the United States
Which of the following BEST describes a severe TBI in terms of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)? GCS score of 13 to 15 GCS score of 12 to 13 GCS score of 9 to 12 GCS score of 3 to 8
GCS score of 3 to 8
Which of the following is the most common cause of TBI?
Motor vehicle accidents
Falls
Stuck by moving objects or moving against stationary objects
Assault
Falls
A man has sustained a contusion. He has changes in attention, memory, affect, and emotion. In which region of the brain is the contusion most likely located? Cerebral Frontal Cerebellum Midbrain
Frontal
An older adult alcoholic man has fallen and is told he has a hematoma that is on the top of his brain. Which of the following types of hematoma would most likely occur in this man? Subdural Epidural Extradural Intracerebral
Subdural
A man has symptoms of confusion and retrograde amnesia present after impact with a baseball to his skull. Which of the following grades of concussion does this describe? Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV
Grade III
A person experiences a vertebral fracture in which the C1 vertebra is fractured into several fragments. This can be described as which type of fracture? Simple fracture Compressed fracture Comminuted fracture Dislocation
Comminuted fracture
Which of the following is NOT true regarding a secondary spinal cord injury?
Secondary injury of the cord begins within a few minutes after injury.
Edema occurs in the gray matter.
Microscopic hemorrhages appear in the central gray matter.
Oxygen tension in the tissue at the injury site is decreased.
Edema occurs in the gray matter
Which of the following is TRUE regarding spinal shock?
Characterized by an incomplete loss of reflex function
Involves all skeletal muscles
Causes increased muscle tone below the lesion
No disruption of thermal control
Involves all skeletal muscles
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the epidemiology of an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
CVAs are the leading cause of disability in the United States.
CVAs are the leading cause of death.
Fifty percent of all stroke victims have a second stroke within 1 year.
There are 2 million stroke victims a year.
CVAs are the leading cause of disability in the United States
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for a CVA? Arterial hypertension Smoking Diabetes Obesity
Obesity
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hemorrhagic stroke?
It is the most common cause of CVA.
It accounts for 50% of all CVAs.
The most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke is hypertension.
It is often caused by a microinfarct.
The most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke is hypertension
Which of the following is NOT a cause of aneurysm? Arteriosclerosis Heroin abuse Congenital anomaly Trauma
Heroin abuse
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding saccular or berry aneurysms?
Occur commonly in childhood
Grow rapidly
Can be due to a combination of congenital and degenerative changes
Occur in about 10% of the general population
Can be due to a combination of congenital and degenerative changes
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Individuals with intracranial aneurysm are at risk.
Individuals with hypertension are not at risk.
Trauma is not a cause.
Mortality is rare.
Individuals with intracranial aneurysm are at risk
Which of the following types of migraine is the most common? Migraine without aura Migraine with prolonged aura Retinal migraine Complicated migraine
Migraine without aura
Which of the following is TRUE regarding migraine?
The diagnosis is made on the basis of a head CT scan.
Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses.
Migraine is not linked with any other disorder.
Drug therapy always includes narcotics.
Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses
A 23-year-old woman complains of bilateral pain with a sensation of a tight band around her head. Which type of headache fits this description? Migraine with aura Migraine without aura Tension headache Cluster headache
tension headache
Which of the following primary brain tumors occurs most commonly? Astrocytoma Ependymoma Oligodendroglioma Meningioma
Astrocytoma
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding grading of an astrocytoma?
Grade I is not treated.
Grade II is treated with radiation only.
Grades III and IV are treated with surgery. Correct
Grade III is not well circumscribed.
Grades III and IV are treated with surgery
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding grade III and grade IV astrocytomas?
They are commonly found in the frontal lobe and cerebral hemisphere.
There is an absence of necrosis.
There is an absence of vascularity.
They are black.
They are commonly found in the frontal lobe and cerebral hemisphere
Which of the following is TRUE regarding oligodendroglioma? Accounts for 20% of all brain tumors Fast growing Undifferentiated Cysts and calcifications present
Cysts and calcifications present
A woman experiences hormonal failure, optic atrophy, and gradual paraparesis. Which of the following is the most likely site of the meningioma based on these symptoms? Sphenoidal wing Olfactory groove Parasagittal Parasellar
Parasellar
Which of the following is TRUE regarding metastatic tumors that are located in the brain?
Carcinomas are disseminated to the brain from the circulation.
One third of metastatic tumors are located within the brain.
Two thirds of metastatic tumors are located in the extradural spaces.
Tumors of the pelvis tend to involve the frontal lobe.
Carcinomas are disseminated to the brain from the circulation
Which of the following is TRUE regarding meningitis?
Bacterial meningitis is a primary infection of the gray matter.
Aseptic meningitis is most commonly caused by a fungus.
Fungal meningitis is very common.
Tubercular meningitis has a 90% recovery rate with an early diagnosis.
Tubercular meningits has a 90% recovery rate with an early diagnosis
A person experiences facial paresis following bacterial meningitis. Which of the following cranial nerves is most likely affected? Cranial nerve III Cranial nerve II Cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve VIII
Cranial nerve VII
A person is developing a brain abscess. It demonstrates a decreased necrotic center and mature collagen. With which of the following stages is this most consistent? Early cerebritis Late cerebritis Early capsule formation Late capsule formation
Early capsule formation
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding encephalitis?
It is an afebrile illness.
It is caused by bacteria.
It is caused by arthropod-borne viruses.
It is caused exclusively by herpes simplex 2.
It is caused by arthropod-borne viruses
Which of the following is TRUE regarding multiple sclerosis?
Uncommon disease
Affects gray matter
Involves the central nervous system only
Is a demyelinating disorder
Is a demyelinating disorder
A person experiences demyelination of the peripheral nerves with sparing of the axons. Of which of the following diseases is this a characteristic? Alzheimer Guillain-Barre' Myasthenia gravis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Guillain-Barre’
