Ch. 1 Cellular Biology Flashcards
Which of the following terms best describes the following process: "Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and act on the postsynaptic target"? Chemical synapse Paracrine signaling Autocrine signaling Autostimulation
Chemical synapse
Which of the following is NOT in the category of prokaryotes? Fungi Bacteria Rickettsiae Cyanobacteria Incorrect
Fungi
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding a eukaryotic cell? They are smaller than prokaryotes. They contain organelles. They lack a nucleus. They lack histones.
The contain organelles
Which of the following is the best description of the function of the histone in the eukaryote? Cell division Cell movement Direction of cell activities Folding of DNA
Folding of DNA
Which of the following is another name for the outer membrane of the eukaryotic cell? Nucleolus Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol
Plasma Membrane
Which of the following is synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm? Endoplasmic reticulum Cisternae Ribosome Lysosome
Ribosome
Which of the following is the appropriate term for the organelle that is responsible for cellular energy metabolism? Golgi complex Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Which of the following is the best description of an amphipathic molecule? Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Hydrophobic and hydrophilic Nonpolar
Hydrophobic and Hydrophillic
Which of the following is NOT a function of a protein? Pores or transport channels Enzymes that drive pumps Cell surface markers Synapses for cells
Synapses for cells
Which of the following is an appropriate definition of a cellular receptor? Located only in the nucleus Binds with any molecule Delivers a protein to the cell surface Binds with ligands
Binds with ligands
Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracellular matrix? Collagen Elastin Fibronectin Desmosomes
Desmosomes
Which of the following best describes a desmosome?
Is a barrier to diffusion
Holds cells together by continuous bands
Is a communicating tunnel
Functions as a zona occludens
Holds cells together by continuous bands
Which of the following terms best describes the following process: "Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and act on the postsynaptic target"? Chemical synapse Paracrine signaling Autocrine signaling Autostimulation
Chemical synapse
Which of the following is NOT a function of signaling cascades? Transfer signal Distribute signal Delete signal Amplify signal
Delete signal
Which describes the function of a second messenger?
Extracellular ligand that binds with membrane-bound receptors
Intracellular enzyme activated by binding of ligand to cell surface receptors that trigger a cascade of intracellular events
Chemical messenger that opens specific channels in the cell membrane
Chemical messenger that blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal
Intracellular enzyme activated by binding of ligand to cell surface receptors that trigger a cascade of intracellular events
Which of the following statements regarding cellular energy is correct?
Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria
Which of the following is the best description of the term diffusion?
Movement of a solute molecule from high to low concentration
Movement of water down a concentration gradient
Movement of water and solute down a concentration gradient
Mechanical pressure of water pushing against the cellular membrane
Movement of a solute molecule from high to low concentration
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration (more dilute) than body solution.
A hypertonic solution has a lower concentration (more dilute) than body solution.
Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of molecules per volume of solution.
Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of molecules per weight of water.
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration (more dilute) than body solution
What is the appropriate term for "energy-releasing process"? Anabolism Catabolism Substrate Second messenger
Catabolism
Which of the following is the best definition for the term chemotaxis?
Second messenger system
Autostimulation
Movement of cells along a chemical gradient
Pass-it-on signal
Movement of cells along a chemical gradient
Which of the following statements regarding transport across membranes is TRUE?
Diffusion requires a significant energy input.
Mediated transport involves a receptor with a high degree of specificity.
Active transport moves molecules down a concentration gradient.
Facilitated transport expends energy.
Mediated transport involves a receptor with a high degree of specificity
Which of the following terms best describes the simultaneous movement of two molecules in one direction? Symport Antiport Uniport Diffusion
Symport
