Ch. 19 Alterations of Neurological Function in Children Flashcards
The origin of the peripheral nervous system is which of the following? Neural crest Neural tube Neural groove Neural plate
Neural crest
A newborn is born with a separation in the skull that contains unossified membranous tissue. What is the appropriate name for this structure? Suture Fontanel Schwann cell Myelin
Fontanel
Which of the following is NOT a difference between adults and children in regard to pathophysiology of the nervous system?
The head of the normal infant is one fourth of the height.
The infant’s skull contains fontanels.
An adult’s head will expand with an intracranial mass.
The infant’s head circumference expands until 5 years of age.
An adult’s head will expand with an intracranial mass
Which of the following terms describes a child who has an anomaly in which the soft, bony components of the skull and part of the brain are missing? Anencephaly Cyclopia Encephalocele Meningocele
Anencephaly
An infant has a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a deficit in the spinal column. Which term BEST describes this condition? Encephalocele Meningocele Myelomeningocele Arnold-Chiari malformation
Myelomeningocele
The appropriate term for premature closure of one or more cranial sutures during the first 18 to 20 months of life is which of the following? Acrania Craniosynostosis Microcephaly Congenital hydrocephalus
Craniosynostosis
A child has congenital hydrocephalus. On tapping his skull a resonant sound is appreciated. Which of the following is the appropriate term for this sign? MacEwen sign Sunsetting Dandy-Walker deformity Arnold-Chiari malformation
MacEwen sign
A boy is diagnosed with cerebral palsy. He has increased muscle tone, prolonged primitive reflexes, scoliosis, and contractures. Which form of cerebral palsy does this child have? Spastic Dyskinetic Ataxic Mixed variety
spastic
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding a febrile seizure?
It occurs in 40% of children.
It is usually brief and self-limited.
It occurs most frequently in children older than 5 years.
It is caused by a bacterial infection.
It is usually brief and self-limited
A boy is recovering from varicella zoster. He experiences obtundation, coma, and hyperventilation. Which stage of Reye syndrome is he experiencing? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Stage III
Which of the following is TRUE regarding brain tumors in children?
They represent the most common primary neoplasm in children.
Ninety percent are solid.
They account for 50% of all childhood cancers.
They remain the leading cause of death from disease in children.
They remain the leading cause of death from disease in children
