Ch. 5 Genes,Environment, and Common Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following is the BEST definition of incidence rate?
Number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population
Proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point in time
Effect of a specific risk factor
Variation caused by the multiple effects of genes

Answer 1

Number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Empiric risks are based on assumptions.
Recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member is affected.
An individual below the threshold of liability for a disease will have the disease.
The recurrence risk for disease usually increases rapidly in more remotely related relatives.

Answer 2

Recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member is affected

Question 3

Which of the following describes a monozygotic twin?
Twins who do not share traits
Twins who share all traits
Twins who form from double ovulation
Concordant twins have a rate that varies across populations.

Answer 3

Twins who share all traits

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a congenital disease?
  Cleft lip
  Clubfoot
  Hydrocephaly
  Obesity

Answer 4

Obesity

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding coronary heart disease is TRUE?
It is the leading killer of Americans.
Atherosclerosis causes widening of the blood vessels.
It is more common in females.
Relative risk does not increase with relatives affected.

Answer 5

It is the leading killer of Americans

Question 6

A person presents with a diagnosis of hypertension. Which of the following statements regarding hypertension is TRUE?
Systemic hypertension is seen in less than 5% of populations.
Environmental factors do not cause hypertension.
One of the most important factors affecting blood pressure is sodium intake.
There is 100% correlation between family members and blood pressure.

Answer 6

One of the most important factors affecting blood pressure is sodium intake

Question 7

Which of the following is linked with breast cancer?
  BRCA1
  APC
  HLA II
  IDDM

Answer 7

BRCA1

Question 8

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 accounts for less than 10% of all cases of diabetes.
There is no insulin production.
These individuals experience insulin resistance.
Type 2 diabetes is less common among obese persons.

Answer 8

These individuals experience insulin resistance

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Alzheimer disease?
Alzheimer disease affects 40% of the population older than 65 years of age.
Alzheimer disease is characterized by progressive dementia and memory loss.
It has one gene locus.
ADH is a key factor.

Answer 9

Alzheimer disease is characterized by progressive dementia and memory loss

Question 10

Which of the following is not a general principle of genetic disorders?
Complex genetic disorders that are strongly inherited tend to have a later age of onset.
The presence of a genetic component to a disease does not mean that the course of the disease cannot be altered.
Identification of a specific gene associated with disease can lead to more effective prevention and treatment of the disease.
The more strongly inherited forms of genetic disorders are often due to single-gene inheritance. Correct

Answer 10

The more strongly inherited forms of genetic disorders are often due to single-gene inheritance