CH 7 Social Inequalities (QUESTIONS) Flashcards
Systems of stratification are either ______ or ________
- Open
- Closed
Besides merit or achievements, what factors play a significant role in determining a person’s social position? Give an example. (3,1)
- Class, Wealth, Social connections
ex. While university attendance might seem to be based on academic ability and hard work, studies consistently show that parental class background is the strongest predictor of whether a student will attend university
What are the 4 social classes?
- Upper-class
- Middle-class
- Working class
- Underclass (Marxian term: “lumpenproletariat”)
Research finds that norms around status achieved at particular ages are ________
Changing
Technological innovations, such as __________ __________, __________, and __________ __________ are prompting us to __________ the way we think about our __________ and __________
- Artificial intelligence
- Automation
- Remote work
- Redefine
- Jobs
- Careers
Within recent years, what types of work has had a significant increase? (2)
Part-time and Temporary work
What was SER initially designed to do?
Provide a wage sufficient for a man to provide for his wife and children
Subjective elements of precarity
How precarity is experienced by workers
- Involuntary part-time work
- Companies choose to employ temporary labourers because it is cheaper than employing full-time workers
Women are disproportionately affected by __________ __________ __________
non-standard work arrangements
Women are more likely to be in __________, __________, and __________ employment
- Temporary
- Part-time
- Minimum wage
Even in __________ jobs, women are more likely to earn __________, to lack a __________, and to work in __________ than men
- Full-time
- Low wages
- Pension plan
- Smaller firms
Feminist scholars argue that women are __________ in __________ work because they have more responsibility for __________
- Overrepresented
- Precarious
- Unpaid domestic work
All women, regardless of their __________ background or their __________, are the most __________ employed of the work force. They are more likely than any other group to be in __________ work arrangements
- Ethno-racial
- Age
- Precariously
- Non-standardized
Visible __________ women and men and more recent __________ to Canada also experience more __________ work arrangements than their __________ and __________ counterparts
- Minority
- Immigrants
- Unstable
- Non-visible minority
- Native-born Canadian
Which group of Canadians are most likely to be concentrated in work that is part-time, temporary, or casual? (2)
Young Canadians (under 25) and older Canadians (over 65)
How are Precarity Penalties reflected amongst the precariously employed? (5)
- Lower income earnings at both the individual and household levels
- Frequent periods of unemployment
- Irregular work schedules
- Unpredictable earnings
- Increased short-term employment uncertainty
Precarious employment is __________ even in__________ , __________ jobs
- Increasing
- High-skill
- High-wage
Nationally, income inequality in Canada has __________ over time
Increased
In Canada, the Gini coefficient has grown from __________ in 1989 to __________ in the 2000s
- 0.281
- 0.32
How can wealth be transferred? What is the affect of this?
- Intergenerationally
- Reproduces class inequality
The distribution of wealth in Canada is __________ and growing more __________
- Unequal
- Unequal
The top __________ of Canadians have __________ of all wealth, while the bottom __________ have less than __________
- 10% ; 47.9%
- 30% ; 1%
Types of poverty (3)
- Absolute poverty
- Extreme poverty
- Relative poverty
What groups are at a higher risk of being in poverty? (5)
- Seniors
- Single-parent families
- Women
- Racialized individuals
- Indigenous peoples
