Ch 7 Principles of Pathophysiology Flashcards
The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
Pathophysiology
The cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
Metabolism
A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles
Electrolyte
The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose; efficient with minimal waste products
Aerobic metabolism
The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen; inefficient with many waste products
Anaerobic metabolism
Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
FiO2
Open and clear; free from obstruction
Patent
The volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
Tidal volume
The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
Minute volume
Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
Dead air space
Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Chemoreceptors
The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
Plasma oncotic pressure
The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out
Hydrostatic pressure
Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
Stretch receptors
The pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (aka heart rate stroke volume)
Cardiac output
Implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
V/Q match (ventilation/perfusion match)
The supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Perfusion
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (aka shock)
Hypoperfusion
Hypoperfusion alt name
Shock
Sweating; condition of cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin
Diaphoresis
An abnormally low amount of water in the body
Dehydration
Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
Edema
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance (aka allergic reaction)
Hypersensitivity
