Ch 7 Principles of Pathophysiology

Question 1

The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

Answer 1

Pathophysiology

Question 2

The cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles

Answer 3

Electrolyte

Question 4

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose; efficient with minimal waste products

Answer 4

Aerobic metabolism

Question 5

The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen; inefficient with many waste products

Answer 5

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 6

Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

Answer 6

FiO2

Question 7

Open and clear; free from obstruction

Answer 7

Patent

Question 8

The volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

Answer 8

Tidal volume

Question 9

The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

Answer 9

Minute volume

Question 10

Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

Answer 10

Dead air space

Question 11

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 11

Chemoreceptors

Question 12

The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream

Answer 12

Plasma oncotic pressure

Question 13

The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out

Answer 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

Answer 14

Stretch receptors

Question 15

The pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

Answer 15

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Question 16

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

Answer 16

Stroke volume

Question 17

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (aka heart rate stroke volume)

Answer 17

Cardiac output

Question 18

Implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 18

V/Q match (ventilation/perfusion match)

Question 19

The supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Answer 19

Perfusion

Question 20

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (aka shock)

Answer 20

Hypoperfusion

Question 21

Hypoperfusion alt name

Answer 21

Shock

Question 22

Sweating; condition of cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin

Answer 22

Diaphoresis

Question 23

An abnormally low amount of water in the body

Answer 23

Dehydration

Question 24

Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

Answer 24

Edema

Question 25

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance (aka allergic reaction)

Answer 25

Hypersensitivity