Ch 10 Respiration and Artificial Ventilation Flashcards
Breathing in and out, or artificial provision of breaths
Ventilation
The amount of air that reaches the alveoli
Alveolar ventilation
A process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood
Cellular respiration
The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood, and between the blood and the cells
Respiration
An insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues
Hypoxia
Increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath
Respiratory distress
The inadequacy of breathing to the point where oxygen intake or the ventilation removal of carbon dioxide is not sufficient to support life
Respiratory failure
When breathing completely stops
Respiratory arrest
A blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body
Cyanosis
The use of positive pressure to force air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing
Artificial ventilation
Another name for artificial ventilation
Positive pressure ventilation
A device, usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation; also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient’s breath or body fluids
Pocket face mask
A handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilation to a patient; can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system
Bag-valve mask (BVM)
A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes
Stoma
A device that provides positive pressure ventilations; includes settings designed to adjust rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance
Automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
A cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure
Oxygen cylinder
A device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient
Pressure regulator
A valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute
Flowmeter
A device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder
Humidifier
A face mask-and-reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen; the patient’s exhaled air escapes through a valve
Nonrebreather (NRB) mask
A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils
Nasal cannula
A face mark and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag, so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing
Partial rebreather mask
A face mask-and-reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air
Venturi mask
A device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen
Tracheostomy mask
