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AIT > Ch 6 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Ch 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of body structure

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The study of body function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

A

Musculoskeletal system

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5
Q

The bones of the body

A

Skeleton

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6
Q

Tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part

A

Muscles

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7
Q

Tissues that connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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8
Q

Tissues that connect muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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9
Q

The bony structure of the head

A

Skull

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10
Q

The top, back, and sides of the skull

A

Cranium

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11
Q

The lower jawbone

A

Mandible

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12
Q

The two fused bones forming the upper jaw

A

Maxillae

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13
Q

The nose bones

A

Nasal bones

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14
Q

The bony structures around the eyes (aka eye sockets)

A

Orbits

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15
Q

The bones that form the structure of the cheeks

A

Zygomatic arches

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16
Q

The 33 bones of the spinal column

A

Vertebrae

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17
Q

The chest

A

Thorax

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18
Q

The breastbone

A

Sternum

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19
Q

The superior portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

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20
Q

The inferior portion of the sternum

A

Xiphoid process

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21
Q

The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

A

Pelvis

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22
Q

The superior and widest portion of the pelvis

A

Ilium

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23
Q

The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

A

Ischium

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24
Q

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

A

Pubis

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25
Q

The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

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26
Q

The large bone of the thigh

A

Femur

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27
Q

The kneecap

A

Patella

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28
Q

The medial and larger bone of the lower leg

A

Tibia

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29
Q

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

A

Fibula

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30
Q

Protrusion on the side of the ankle (lateral and medial)

A

Malleolus

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31
Q

The ankle bones

A

Tarsals

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32
Q

The foot bones

A

Metatarsals

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33
Q

The heel bone

A

Calcaneus

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34
Q

The toe bones and finger bones

A

Phalanges

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35
Q

The collarbone

A

Clavicle

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36
Q

The shoulder blade

A

Scapula

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37
Q

The highest portion of the shoulder

A

Acromion process

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38
Q

The joint where the acromion and clavicle meet

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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39
Q

The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and elbow

A

Humerus

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40
Q

The lateral bone of the forearm

A

Radius

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41
Q

The medial bone of the forearm

A

Ulna

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42
Q

The wrist bones

A

Carpals

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43
Q

The hand bones

A

Metacarpals

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44
Q

The point where two bones come together

A

Joint

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45
Q

Muscle that can be consciously controlled

A

Voluntary muscle

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46
Q

Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

A

Involuntary muscle

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47
Q

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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48
Q

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

A

Automaticity

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49
Q

The system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide (aka pulmonary system)

A

Respiratory system

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50
Q

The area directly posterior to the mouth

A

Oropharynx

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51
Q

The area directly posterior to the nose

A

Nasopharynx

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52
Q

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose (made up of the oropharynx and nasopharynx)

A

Pharynx

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53
Q

Leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis

54
Q

The voice box

A

Larynx

55
Q

Ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

56
Q

The windpipe; connects the pharynx to the lungs

A

Trachea

57
Q

The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place

A

Lungs

58
Q

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs (right and left)

A

Bronchi (singular: bronchus)

59
Q

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

A

Alveoli

60
Q

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration

A

Diaphragm

61
Q

An active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

A

Inhalation

62
Q

A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow put of the lungs

A

Exhalation

63
Q

The process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood (gas exchange at the alveoli)

A

Ventilation

64
Q

The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells (gas exchange at the capillaries throughout the body)

A

Respiration

65
Q

A system that helps manage the pH of the body to maintain it at a normal level

A

Buffer system

66
Q

The system made up of the heart and the blood vessels (aka circulatory system)

A

Cardiovascular system

67
Q

The two upper chambers of the heart. Right receives unoxygenated blood returning from body, left receives oxygenated blood returning from lungs

A

Atria (singular: atrium)

68
Q

The two lower chambers of the heart. Right sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, left sends oxygen-rich blood to the body

A

Ventricles

69
Q

The two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium (superior and anterior)

A

Venae cavae (singular: vena cava)

70
Q

A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

A

Valve

71
Q

A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

A

Cardiac conduction system

72
Q

Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

A

Artery

73
Q

Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

A

Coronary arteries

74
Q

The largest artery in the body; transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

A

Aorta

75
Q

The vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

76
Q

The large neck arteries, one on each side, that carry blood from the heart to the head

A

Carotid arteries

77
Q

The major artery supplying the leg

A

Femoral artery

78
Q

Artery of the upper arm

A

Brachial artery

79
Q

Artery of the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist)

A

Radial artery

80
Q

Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

A

Posterior tibial artery

81
Q

Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

82
Q

The smallest kind of artery

A

Arteriole

83
Q

Thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place

A

Capillaries

84
Q

The smallest kind of vein

A

Venule

85
Q

Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

A

Vein

86
Q

Vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

87
Q

The fluid portion of the blood

A

Plasma

88
Q

Components of the blood that carry oxygen to, and carbon dioxide away from, the cells

A

Red blood cells

89
Q

Components of the blood that produce substances that help the body fight infection

A

White blood cells

90
Q

Components of the blood: membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

A

Platelets

91
Q

The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

A

Pulse

92
Q

The radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body

A

Peripheral pulses

93
Q

The carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body

A

Central pulses

94
Q

The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

A

Blood pressure

95
Q

The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

A

Systolic blood pressure

96
Q

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

A

Diastolic blood pressure

97
Q

The supply of oxygen and nutrients to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

A

Perfusion

98
Q

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients; a life-threatening condition

A

Hypoperfusion

99
Q

Another name for hypoperfusion

A

Shock

100
Q

The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system

A

Lymphatic system

101
Q

The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that governs sensation, movement, and thought

A

Nervous system

102
Q

The brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

103
Q

The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

104
Q

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions

A

Autonomic nervous system

105
Q

System by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms

A

Digestive system

106
Q

Muscular sac between the esophagus and small intestine where digestion of food begins

A

Stomach

107
Q

The muscular tube between the stomach and large intestine (divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion; nutrients are absorbed through its walls

A

Small intestine

108
Q

The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion

A

Large intestine

109
Q

The largest organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances

A

Liver

110
Q

A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver

A

Gallbladder

111
Q

A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum; also functions as part of the endocrine system

A

Pancreas

112
Q

Organ located in the LUQ that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

A

Spleen

113
Q

Small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in RLQ; its function is not well understood

A

Appendix

114
Q

The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

A

Skin

115
Q

The outer layer of skin

A

Epidermis

116
Q

The inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves

A

Dermis

117
Q

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

A

Subcutaneous layers

118
Q

System of glands that produce hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

A

Endocrine system

119
Q

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many people with diabetes; critical to the body’s use of glucose

A

Insulin

120
Q

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands; as a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

A

Epinepherine

121
Q

System that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood (aka urinary system)

A

Renal system

122
Q

Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

A

Kidneys

123
Q

The round, sacklike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

A

Bladder

124
Q

The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

125
Q

Tube connecting the bladder to the vulva or penis for excretion of urine

A

Urethra

126
Q

The body system responsible for human reproduction

A

Reproductive system

127
Q

The male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm and hormones

A

Testes

128
Q

The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

A

Penis

129
Q

Egg- and hormone-producing organs within the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries

130
Q

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

A

Uterus

131
Q

The female organ of reproduction used both for sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus

A

Vagina

AIT (41 decks)

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