Ch 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
The study of body structure
A
Anatomy
2
Q
The study of body function
A
Physiology
3
Q
The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple
A
Thyroid cartilage
4
Q
The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
A
Musculoskeletal system
5
Q
The bones of the body
A
Skeleton
6
Q
Tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
A
Muscles
7
Q
Tissues that connect bone to bone
A
Ligaments
8
Q
Tissues that connect muscle to bone
A
Tendons
9
Q
The bony structure of the head
A
Skull
10
Q
The top, back, and sides of the skull
A
Cranium
11
Q
The lower jawbone
A
Mandible
12
Q
The two fused bones forming the upper jaw
A
Maxillae
13
Q
The nose bones
A
Nasal bones
14
Q
The bony structures around the eyes (aka eye sockets)
A
Orbits
15
Q
The bones that form the structure of the cheeks
A
Zygomatic arches
16
Q
The 33 bones of the spinal column
A
Vertebrae
17
Q
The chest
A
Thorax
18
Q
The breastbone
A
Sternum
19
Q
The superior portion of the sternum
A
Manubrium
20
Q
The inferior portion of the sternum
A
Xiphoid process
21
Q
The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
A
Pelvis
22
Q
The superior and widest portion of the pelvis
A
Ilium
23
Q
The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
A
Ischium
24
Q
The medial anterior portion of the pelvis
A
Pubis
25
The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
Acetabulum
26
The large bone of the thigh
Femur
27
The kneecap
Patella
28
The medial and larger bone of the lower leg
Tibia
29
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Fibula
30
Protrusion on the side of the ankle (lateral and medial)
Malleolus
31
The ankle bones
Tarsals
32
The foot bones
Metatarsals
33
The heel bone
Calcaneus
34
The toe bones and finger bones
Phalanges
35
The collarbone
Clavicle
36
The shoulder blade
Scapula
37
The highest portion of the shoulder
Acromion process
38
The joint where the acromion and clavicle meet
Acromioclavicular joint
39
The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and elbow
Humerus
40
The lateral bone of the forearm
Radius
41
The medial bone of the forearm
Ulna
42
The wrist bones
Carpals
43
The hand bones
Metacarpals
44
The point where two bones come together
Joint
45
Muscle that can be consciously controlled
Voluntary muscle
46
Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled
Involuntary muscle
47
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
Cardiac muscle
48
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
Automaticity
49
The system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide (aka pulmonary system)
Respiratory system
50
The area directly posterior to the mouth
Oropharynx
51
The area directly posterior to the nose
Nasopharynx
52
The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose (made up of the oropharynx and nasopharynx)
Pharynx
53
Leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
Epiglottis
54
The voice box
Larynx
55
Ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
56
The windpipe; connects the pharynx to the lungs
Trachea
57
The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place
Lungs
58
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs (right and left)
Bronchi (singular: bronchus)
59
The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
Alveoli
60
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration
Diaphragm
61
An active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
Inhalation
62
A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow put of the lungs
Exhalation
63
The process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood (gas exchange at the alveoli)
Ventilation
64
The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells (gas exchange at the capillaries throughout the body)
Respiration
65
A system that helps manage the pH of the body to maintain it at a normal level
Buffer system
66
The system made up of the heart and the blood vessels (aka circulatory system)
Cardiovascular system
67
The two upper chambers of the heart. Right receives unoxygenated blood returning from body, left receives oxygenated blood returning from lungs
Atria (singular: atrium)
68
The two lower chambers of the heart. Right sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, left sends oxygen-rich blood to the body
Ventricles
69
The two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium (superior and anterior)
Venae cavae (singular: vena cava)
70
A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
Valve
71
A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
Cardiac conduction system
72
Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Artery
73
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)
Coronary arteries
74
The largest artery in the body; transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
Aorta
75
The vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
76
The large neck arteries, one on each side, that carry blood from the heart to the head
Carotid arteries
77
The major artery supplying the leg
Femoral artery
78
Artery of the upper arm
Brachial artery
79
Artery of the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist)
Radial artery
80
Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
Posterior tibial artery
81
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Dorsalis pedis artery
82
The smallest kind of artery
Arteriole
83
Thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place
Capillaries
84
The smallest kind of vein
Venule
85
Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
Vein
86
Vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary vein
87
The fluid portion of the blood
Plasma
88
Components of the blood that carry oxygen to, and carbon dioxide away from, the cells
Red blood cells
89
Components of the blood that produce substances that help the body fight infection
White blood cells
90
Components of the blood: membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells
Platelets
91
The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
Pulse
92
The radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body
Peripheral pulses
93
The carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body
Central pulses
94
The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels
Blood pressure
95
The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation
Systolic blood pressure
96
The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
Diastolic blood pressure
97
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Perfusion
98
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients; a life-threatening condition
Hypoperfusion
99
Another name for hypoperfusion
Shock
100
The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system
Lymphatic system
101
The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that governs sensation, movement, and thought
Nervous system
102
The brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
103
The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
104
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
Autonomic nervous system
105
System by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
Digestive system
106
Muscular sac between the esophagus and small intestine where digestion of food begins
Stomach
107
The muscular tube between the stomach and large intestine (divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion; nutrients are absorbed through its walls
Small intestine
108
The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion
Large intestine
109
The largest organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances
Liver
110
A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder
111
A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum; also functions as part of the endocrine system
Pancreas
112
Organ located in the LUQ that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood
Spleen
113
Small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in RLQ; its function is not well understood
Appendix
114
The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment
Skin
115
The outer layer of skin
Epidermis
116
The inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves
Dermis
117
The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
Subcutaneous layers
118
System of glands that produce hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
Endocrine system
119
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many people with diabetes; critical to the body’s use of glucose
Insulin
120
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands; as a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
Epinepherine
121
System that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood (aka urinary system)
Renal system
122
Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
Kidneys
123
The round, sacklike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine
Bladder
124
The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
125
Tube connecting the bladder to the vulva or penis for excretion of urine
Urethra
126
The body system responsible for human reproduction
Reproductive system
127
The male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm and hormones
Testes
128
The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm
Penis
129
Egg- and hormone-producing organs within the female reproductive system
Ovaries
130
Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
Uterus
131
The female organ of reproduction used both for sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus
Vagina
