CH 7 Personality (TERMS) Flashcards
Personality
An individual’s typical pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours
- Comprised of different traits
Trait
A relatively enduring predisposition that influences behaviour across many situations
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
Personality development takes place over five stages where the sexual drive (libido) is expressed through different parts of the body
- Three assumptions: psychic determinism, symbolism, unconscious motivation
Id
- Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
The part of the personality that comprises a person’s basic sexual and aggressive impulses; motivation to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
Ego
- Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
The part of the personality that is conscious/thinking; satisfy demands of id in accordance with reality.
- Balances components of personality
Superego
- Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
The part of the personality that acts as a moral judge and contains the rules of society
Behaviourism
The scientific study of observable behaviour
- Personality is constructed through learning experiences
Social-Cognitive Theory (6)
- Emphasizes the role of observation and modelling in shaping thoughts, emotions, and behaviour
- Personality is caused by thinking: classical and operant conditioning are cognitively mediated
- Suggests that shared environment influences personality
Includes:
- Observational learning
- Reciprocal Determinism
Humanistic Theory
Accept the premise that internal drives and emotions motivate people
- Free will is emphasized; reject determinism
- Self-Actualization: each individual is motivated to achieve their full potential
- Assume innate goodness
Carl Rogers Humanistic Theory
Clinical focus: focused on people whose self-actualization was thwarted
- Personality is comprised of:
1) Organism
2) Self-concept
3) Conditions of Worth
- Unconditional positive regard ➡️ flourishing human beings
Abraham Maslow Humanistic Theory
Focused on ”self-actualized” individuals
Self-actualized people have their basic needs are met, are creative, self-confident, focus on real-world problems, empathetic and moral, and have peak experiences
- Peak experiences
- Willing to “rock the boat”
Peak experiences
- Abraham Maslow Humanistic Theory
Transcendent moments of intense excitement and tranquility marked by a profound sense of connection to the world
Trait Theories
Attempt to describe the structure of personality
Use factor analysis
Factor Analysis
A statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among items to determine underlying “factors” in psychological measurement
Big 5 Model (OCEAN)
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
