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PSYCH 101 > CH 3 Intelligence (Questions) > Flashcards

CH 3 Intelligence (Questions) Flashcards

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1
Q

What did James Mckeen Cattell’s research with Galtonian measure prove?

A
  • Research at the time showed that there was no connection between sensory discrimination and academic grades
  • Different sensory capacities are only modestly correlated.
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2
Q

What are Gardner’s 4 criteria to identify a separate form of intelligence?

A
  • Dissociation evidence (brain damage)
  • Exceptionalities (savants, prodigies)
  • Definable end-state performance/profession
  • Support from psychometric findings
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3
Q

What are Gardener’s 9 types of intelligence?

A
  1. Linguistic: Speak and write well
  2. Logico-mathematical: Use logic and mathematical skills to solve problems (ex. scientific questions)
  3. Spatial: Think and reason about objects in 3D space

4.Musical: Perform, understand, and enjoy music

5.Bodily-kinesthetic: Manipulate the body in sports, dance, or other physical endeavours

  1. Interpersonal: Understand and interact effectively with others
  2. Intrapersonal: Understand and possess insight into self
  3. Naturalistic: Recognize, identify, and understand animales, plants, and other living things

Later added:

  1. Existential: Ability to understand and engage in philosophical topics
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4
Q

What are the theoretical biological bases of intelligence?

A
  • Brain Size
  • Cortical Density and Localization of Intelligence
  • Processing Efficiency and Response Time
  • Working Memory
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5
Q

How does Brain Size biologically correlate with intelligence?

A
  • Brain size correlates with intelligence across species when corrected for body size (species body size influences brain size)
  • Humans: Brain size is weakly (but robustly) associated with intelligence
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6
Q

How does Cortical Density biologically correlate with intelligence? (+ Localization of Intelligence)

A
  • Tighter packing of neurons in the cerebral cortex and specific locations related to intelligence

Localization of Intelligence
- No single location for intelligence: Multiple pre-frontal cortex and parietal lobe areas

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7
Q

What does research say about the relationship between intelligence, brain size, and cortical density?

A

Indicates a correlational relationship

  • Link assumed to be casual as a result of brain damage evidence (one part of brain damaged affects other areas), but may not be.
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8
Q

How does Processing Efficiency and Response Time correlate with intelligence?

A
  • Intelligent brains process information quicker
  • Intelligent brains can display less overall activity for some tasks: they are more efficient
  • Experimental tasks measure speed of response when doing newly trained activities
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9
Q

How does Working Memory correlate with intelligence?

A
  • People hold some information in mind while doing mental operations (ex. operational span task)
  • Correlates with overall intelligence
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10
Q

Why do we need to test intelligence? (5)

A
  • Educational placement
  • Diagnosis and support for cognitive disorders
  • Prediction of academic and occupational success
  • Research on the nature of intelligence
  • People are not good at estimating their own intelligence
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11
Q

Why are people not good at estimating their own intelligence?

A
  • Poor metacognitive skills
  • People do not know (or mentally represent) what they do not know
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12
Q

How did Henry Goddard influence IQ testing in North America? What was he interested in identifying?

A
  • Henry Goddard translated Binet-Simon Intelligence Test into English
  • He was interested in identifying intellectually inferior individuals and groups
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13
Q

How were intelligence tests problematically used?

A
  • Tests developed for children were adapted to adults without enough rigour
  • Misapplied to many people (immigrants, etc.) who were deemed as having low IQ and intellectual abilities
  • Eugenics movement: Immigration from low-IQ individuals was restricted; Sterilization of low-IQ individuals was practiced
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14
Q

What important scores does WAIS provide? (3)

A
  1. Overall IQ score
  2. Domain Scores for:
  • Verbal comprehension
  • Perceptual reasoning
  • Working memory
  • Processing Speed
  1. Norms exist for the overall score and all subscales
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15
Q

Name 11 sample items from WAIS

A
  1. Information
  2. Comprehension
  3. Arithmetic
  4. Similarities
  5. Digit Span
  6. Vocabulary
  7. Digit Symbol
  8. Picture Completion
  9. Block Design
  10. Visual Puzzles
  11. Figure Weights
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16
Q

What does WAIS test for Information?

A

Taps general range of information

ex. On which continent is France?

17
Q

What does WAIS test for Comprehension?

A

Tests understanding of social conventions and ability to evaluate past experiences

ex. Why do people need birth certificates?

18
Q

What does WAIS test for Artithmetic?

A

Tests arithmetic reasoning through verbal problems

ex. Mathematical word problems

19
Q

What does WAIS test for Similarities?

A

Asks in what way certain objects or concepts are similar; measures abstract thinking

ex. How are calculators and a typewriter alike?

20
Q

What does WAIS test for Digit Span?

A

Tests attention and rote memory by orally presenting series of digits to be repeated forward or backward

ex. Repeat the following numbers backwards: 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 8, 6

21
Q

What does WAIS test for Vocabulary?

A

Tests ability to define increasingly difficult words

ex. What does *repudiate** mean?

22
Q

What does WAIS test for Digital Symbol?

A

Tests speed of learning

ex. Timed coding tasks in which numbers must be associated with marks of various shapes

23
Q

What does WAIS test for Picture Completion?

A

Tests visual alertness and visual memory

ex. An incomplete figure is shown and the missing part must be discovered and named

24
Q

What does WAIS test for Block Design?

A

Tests ability to perceive and analyze patterns

ex. Copying a design with blocks

25
Q

What does WAIS test for Visual Puzzles?

A

Tests ability to organize parts of a into a larger spatial array

ex. Sove puzzle

26
Q

What does WAIS test for Figure Weights?

A

Tests ability to reason logically about numbers

27
Q

Name 2 Childhood IQ Tests

A
  1. Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
  2. Wechlser Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
28
Q

Are IQ Scores reliable in adulthood?

A

Yes

  • Test-retest Reliability: very high over the short term; 0.95 correlation over several weeks
  • Some variability in scores, especially across long time intervals
29
Q

Are IQ Scores in very young children (prior to age 2-3) reliable over time?

A

No

  • IQ measured at 6 months had near zero correlation with adult intelligence
  • Early IQ measurement is often based on sensory and motor abilities
  • Habitual paradigms are used
30
Q

What percentage of individuals in North America are intellectually disabled?

A

~1%

31
Q
A

PSYCH 101 (12 decks)

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