CH 3 Intelligence (Questions) Flashcards
What did James Mckeen Cattell’s research with Galtonian measure prove?
- Research at the time showed that there was no connection between sensory discrimination and academic grades
- Different sensory capacities are only modestly correlated.
What are Gardner’s 4 criteria to identify a separate form of intelligence?
- Dissociation evidence (brain damage)
- Exceptionalities (savants, prodigies)
- Definable end-state performance/profession
- Support from psychometric findings
What are Gardener’s 9 types of intelligence?
- Linguistic: Speak and write well
- Logico-mathematical: Use logic and mathematical skills to solve problems (ex. scientific questions)
- Spatial: Think and reason about objects in 3D space
4.Musical: Perform, understand, and enjoy music
5.Bodily-kinesthetic: Manipulate the body in sports, dance, or other physical endeavours
- Interpersonal: Understand and interact effectively with others
- Intrapersonal: Understand and possess insight into self
- Naturalistic: Recognize, identify, and understand animales, plants, and other living things
Later added:
- Existential: Ability to understand and engage in philosophical topics
What are the theoretical biological bases of intelligence?
- Brain Size
- Cortical Density and Localization of Intelligence
- Processing Efficiency and Response Time
- Working Memory
How does Brain Size biologically correlate with intelligence?
- Brain size correlates with intelligence across species when corrected for body size (species body size influences brain size)
- Humans: Brain size is weakly (but robustly) associated with intelligence
How does Cortical Density biologically correlate with intelligence? (+ Localization of Intelligence)
- Tighter packing of neurons in the cerebral cortex and specific locations related to intelligence
Localization of Intelligence
- No single location for intelligence: Multiple pre-frontal cortex and parietal lobe areas
What does research say about the relationship between intelligence, brain size, and cortical density?
Indicates a correlational relationship
- Link assumed to be casual as a result of brain damage evidence (one part of brain damaged affects other areas), but may not be.
How does Processing Efficiency and Response Time correlate with intelligence?
- Intelligent brains process information quicker
- Intelligent brains can display less overall activity for some tasks: they are more efficient
- Experimental tasks measure speed of response when doing newly trained activities
How does Working Memory correlate with intelligence?
- People hold some information in mind while doing mental operations (ex. operational span task)
- Correlates with overall intelligence
Why do we need to test intelligence? (5)
- Educational placement
- Diagnosis and support for cognitive disorders
- Prediction of academic and occupational success
- Research on the nature of intelligence
- People are not good at estimating their own intelligence
Why are people not good at estimating their own intelligence?
- Poor metacognitive skills
- People do not know (or mentally represent) what they do not know
How did Henry Goddard influence IQ testing in North America? What was he interested in identifying?
- Henry Goddard translated Binet-Simon Intelligence Test into English
- He was interested in identifying intellectually inferior individuals and groups
How were intelligence tests problematically used?
- Tests developed for children were adapted to adults without enough rigour
- Misapplied to many people (immigrants, etc.) who were deemed as having low IQ and intellectual abilities
- Eugenics movement: Immigration from low-IQ individuals was restricted; Sterilization of low-IQ individuals was practiced
What important scores does WAIS provide? (3)
- Overall IQ score
- Domain Scores for:
- Verbal comprehension
- Perceptual reasoning
- Working memory
- Processing Speed
- Norms exist for the overall score and all subscales
Name 11 sample items from WAIS
- Information
- Comprehension
- Arithmetic
- Similarities
- Digit Span
- Vocabulary
- Digit Symbol
- Picture Completion
- Block Design
- Visual Puzzles
- Figure Weights