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anatomy 1 > ch 7 hw bone tissue questions > Flashcards

ch 7 hw bone tissue questions Flashcards

1
Q

the interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone

A

spongy

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2
Q

bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called

A

osteoclasts

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3
Q

organic bone matrix

A
  • collagen
  • glycoproteins
  • provides flexibility
  • proteoglycans
  • resists tensile (pulling) forces
  • glycosaminoglycans
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4
Q

inorganic bone matrix

A
  • hydroxyapatite
  • provides hardness
  • calcium carbonate
  • resists compressive forces
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5
Q

properties of compact bone

A
  • also called dense bone
  • found in greater proportion in the bone diaphyses
  • made up of osteons
  • visible, obvious, central canals
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6
Q

properties of spongy bone

A
  • found in greater proportions in bone epiphyses
  • gaps between ossified material are filled with marrow
  • composed of trabeculae
  • arranged a long lines of force
  • strong but light
  • found in greater proportions in flat bones
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7
Q

identify the correct statements regarding the treatment of fractures

A
  • most fractures are set by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
  • traction is used to treat fractures of the femur in adults because it aids in the alignment of the bone fragments by overriding the force of the strong thigh muscles
  • open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) involves surgically exposing the fractured bone and using plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments
  • hip fractures are usually pinned and early ambulation (walking) is encouraged because it promotes blood circulation and healing
  • fractures that take longer than 2 months to heal may be treated with electrical stimulation which accelerates repair by amplifying the effects of parathyroid hormone
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8
Q

which of the following best describes osteomalacia

A

the softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion

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9
Q

a smaller 70 year old asian woman comes to you with a broken hip. which test do you order to check for osteoporosis

A

a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) exam

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10
Q

a concerned mother brings her young son to you for a check up. she says he stays indoors on the couch all the time, playing video games, and refuses to drink milk or eat dark green leafy vegetables. you tell her that unless he changes his behaviors. he at risk for what skeletal disorder?

A

rickets

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11
Q

which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system

A

tendons

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12
Q

what is the function of red bone marrow

A

blood-cell production

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13
Q

the skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by ______

A

absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts

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14
Q

osseous tissue matric is composed of

A

calcium phosphate

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15
Q

____________ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone

A

central canals

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16
Q

within compact bone a central canal is found at the center of which structure

A

an osteon

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17
Q

which of the following best described osseous tissue

A

a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

18
Q

what is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called

A

hydroxyapatite

19
Q

which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation

A

interstitial

20
Q

a __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into 3 or more pieces

A

comminuted

21
Q

the _____ contain hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid which is used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called _______

A

osteoclasts
mineral resorption

22
Q

greenstick fractures most commonly occur in children because

A

their bones contain a higher proportion of collagen

23
Q

during fracture healing cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following

A

a soft callus

24
Q

in an adult a compound fracture of the _____ could lead to a “fat” embolism entering the blood stream

A

tibia

25
Q

which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

26
Q

mineralization is a process that extracts _______ and ______ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone

A

calcium
phosphate

27
Q

to help regulate body calcium levels bone has 2 reserves. the disadvantage of the stable reserve is that is _____

A

cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid

28
Q

each of the following complication listed below is a result of a homeostatic calcium imbalance. which would not be life threatening

A

a deficit of appositional bone growth

29
Q

the bones of the skull form by which type of ossification

A

intramembranous

30
Q

which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity

A

swimming

31
Q

tissues and arches which help form an internal scaffolding network are found in ______

A

trabecular bone

32
Q

at which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone even when a high calcium diet is eaten

A

50 years old

33
Q

which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones

A

calcium

34
Q

classifying bones by shape

flat bones

A
  • scapula
  • sternum
  • cranium
35
Q

classifying bones by shape

irregular bones

A
  • sphenoid bone
  • vertebra
36
Q

classifying bones by shape

short bones

A
  • capitate bone
  • talus
37
Q

classifying bones by shape

long bones

A
  • ulna
  • radius
  • femur
38
Q

properties of different bone shapes

flat bones

A
  • “flat” name misleading as bones are often curved
  • sternum
39
Q

properties of different bone shapes

irregular bones

A
  • oddly shaped bones usually found in axial skeleton
  • sacrum
40
Q

properties of different bone shapes

short bones

A
  • allow small degrees of motion usually in 2 degrees of freedom
  • scaphoid
  • length and width are similar in proportion
41
Q

properties of different bone shapes

long bones

A
  • femur
  • serve as levers for body movements
  • length and width proportion greatly differ
42
Q
A

anatomy 1 (14 decks)

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