ch 7 hw bone tissue questions Flashcards
the interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone
spongy
bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called
osteoclasts
organic bone matrix
- collagen
- glycoproteins
- provides flexibility
- proteoglycans
- resists tensile (pulling) forces
- glycosaminoglycans
inorganic bone matrix
- hydroxyapatite
- provides hardness
- calcium carbonate
- resists compressive forces
properties of compact bone
- also called dense bone
- found in greater proportion in the bone diaphyses
- made up of osteons
- visible, obvious, central canals
properties of spongy bone
- found in greater proportions in bone epiphyses
- gaps between ossified material are filled with marrow
- composed of trabeculae
- arranged a long lines of force
- strong but light
- found in greater proportions in flat bones
identify the correct statements regarding the treatment of fractures
- most fractures are set by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
- traction is used to treat fractures of the femur in adults because it aids in the alignment of the bone fragments by overriding the force of the strong thigh muscles
- open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) involves surgically exposing the fractured bone and using plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments
- hip fractures are usually pinned and early ambulation (walking) is encouraged because it promotes blood circulation and healing
- fractures that take longer than 2 months to heal may be treated with electrical stimulation which accelerates repair by amplifying the effects of parathyroid hormone
which of the following best describes osteomalacia
the softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion
a smaller 70 year old asian woman comes to you with a broken hip. which test do you order to check for osteoporosis
a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) exam
a concerned mother brings her young son to you for a check up. she says he stays indoors on the couch all the time, playing video games, and refuses to drink milk or eat dark green leafy vegetables. you tell her that unless he changes his behaviors. he at risk for what skeletal disorder?
rickets
which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system
tendons
what is the function of red bone marrow
blood-cell production
the skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by ______
absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts
osseous tissue matric is composed of
calcium phosphate
____________ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone
central canals
within compact bone a central canal is found at the center of which structure
an osteon
which of the following best described osseous tissue
a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
what is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called
hydroxyapatite
which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation
interstitial
a __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into 3 or more pieces
comminuted
the _____ contain hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid which is used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called _______
osteoclasts
mineral resorption
greenstick fractures most commonly occur in children because
their bones contain a higher proportion of collagen
during fracture healing cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following
a soft callus
in an adult a compound fracture of the _____ could lead to a “fat” embolism entering the blood stream
tibia
which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels
calcitonin
mineralization is a process that extracts _______ and ______ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone
calcium
phosphate
to help regulate body calcium levels bone has 2 reserves. the disadvantage of the stable reserve is that is _____
cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid
each of the following complication listed below is a result of a homeostatic calcium imbalance. which would not be life threatening
a deficit of appositional bone growth
the bones of the skull form by which type of ossification
intramembranous
which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity
swimming
tissues and arches which help form an internal scaffolding network are found in ______
trabecular bone
at which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone even when a high calcium diet is eaten
50 years old
which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones
calcium
classifying bones by shape
flat bones
- scapula
- sternum
- cranium
classifying bones by shape
irregular bones
- sphenoid bone
- vertebra
classifying bones by shape
short bones
- capitate bone
- talus
classifying bones by shape
long bones
- ulna
- radius
- femur
properties of different bone shapes
flat bones
- “flat” name misleading as bones are often curved
- sternum
properties of different bone shapes
irregular bones
- oddly shaped bones usually found in axial skeleton
- sacrum
properties of different bone shapes
short bones
- allow small degrees of motion usually in 2 degrees of freedom
- scaphoid
- length and width are similar in proportion
properties of different bone shapes
long bones
- femur
- serve as levers for body movements
- length and width proportion greatly differ
