ch. 3 hw

Question 1

which membrane-bound organelle is the site of protein and lipid synthesis

Answer 1

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

what are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell’s surface are called

Answer 2

microvilli

Question 3

which membrane transport process consumes ATP and uses a carrier

Answer 3

active

Question 4

which of the following moves large particles and fluid droplets across the cell membrane

Answer 4

vesicular transport

Question 5

a cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis

Answer 5

hypertonic

Question 6

function of golgi appartus

Answer 6

to regulate transport and modify newly synthesized proteins

Question 7

mitochondria function

Answer 7

to produce ATP via cellular respiration

Question 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 8

to synthesize protein for secretion, insertion into the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes

Question 9

the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are ex of what types of organelles

Answer 9

membranous

Question 10

mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

1. The directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by _________

Answer 11

the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported

Question 12

2. Simple and facilitated diffusion differ because _________

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while simple diffusion does not

Question 13

3. Changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of _________

Answer 13

voltage-gated channels

Question 14

The _________ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte.

Answer 14

glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid

Question 15

A reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane _________blank the rate of glucose diffusion.

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

Physiological saline is a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. A cell in 1.5% NaCl is in a(n) _________blank solution.

Answer 16

hypertonic

Question 17

the movement of water by osmosis is always from a ____

Answer 17

high to low water concentration

Question 18

water you drink is absorbed into the blood from the digestive tract. an increase in water intake causes a _____ in the plasma osmolarity

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

an IV solution of 0.45% NaCl is ____ and induces movement of water ____

Answer 19

hypotonic

into cells

Question 20

primary and secondary active-transport proteins differ in that primary active-transport proteins ____

Answer 20

move both molecules against their gradients, while secondary active-transport proteins couple the movement of an ion down its gradient with the movement of another molecule against its gradient

Question 21

the na/k + ATPase move sodium in the ___ direction compared with the direction it travels through sodium leakage channels

Answer 21

opposite

Question 22

The sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. Here, one iodide gets converted to one iodine, which is utilized for the formation of either of the two types of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are named after the number of iodines found in each of these hormones. To produce a single molecule of T3, a total of _________blank sodium ions must move down their concentration gradients by secondary active transport. The movement of iodide ions occurs in the _________blank direction as sodium ions.

Answer 22

six

same

Question 23

Ouabain is a poison that binds to the Na+/K+ pump in the cell membrane and inhibits its action. The expected result of this poison on secondary active transport is _________

Answer 23

a loss of the ion concentration gradient that drives this process

Question 24

An individual displaying a larger than normal number of LDL receptors is _________blank likely to develop artherosclerosis.

Answer 24

less

Question 25

Some individuals have defective genes for LDL receptors rendering them nonfunctional. Individuals with these mutations typically have _________blank.

Answer 25

higher than normal blood cholesterol levels due to inability of peripheral cells to uptake LDLs Correct

Question 26

what is the branch of biology that investigates cells called

Answer 26

cytology

Question 27

what is the fluid located between cells called

Answer 27

extracellular fluid