ch. 3 hw Flashcards
which membrane-bound organelle is the site of protein and lipid synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
what are extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell’s surface are called
microvilli
which membrane transport process consumes ATP and uses a carrier
active
which of the following moves large particles and fluid droplets across the cell membrane
vesicular transport
a cell placed into which solution will lose water by osmosis
hypertonic
function of golgi appartus
to regulate transport and modify newly synthesized proteins
mitochondria function
to produce ATP via cellular respiration
rough endoplasmic reticulum function
to synthesize protein for secretion, insertion into the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes
the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are ex of what types of organelles
membranous
mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell
ATP
- The directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by _________
the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported
- Simple and facilitated diffusion differ because _________
facilitated diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while simple diffusion does not
- Changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of _________
voltage-gated channels
The _________ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte.
glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid
A reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane _________blank the rate of glucose diffusion.
decreases
Physiological saline is a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. A cell in 1.5% NaCl is in a(n) _________blank solution.
hypertonic
the movement of water by osmosis is always from a ____
high to low water concentration
water you drink is absorbed into the blood from the digestive tract. an increase in water intake causes a _____ in the plasma osmolarity
decrease
an IV solution of 0.45% NaCl is ____ and induces movement of water ____
hypotonic
into cells
primary and secondary active-transport proteins differ in that primary active-transport proteins ____
move both molecules against their gradients, while secondary active-transport proteins couple the movement of an ion down its gradient with the movement of another molecule against its gradient
the na/k + ATPase move sodium in the ___ direction compared with the direction it travels through sodium leakage channels
opposite
The sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. Here, one iodide gets converted to one iodine, which is utilized for the formation of either of the two types of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are named after the number of iodines found in each of these hormones. To produce a single molecule of T3, a total of _________blank sodium ions must move down their concentration gradients by secondary active transport. The movement of iodide ions occurs in the _________blank direction as sodium ions.
six
same
Ouabain is a poison that binds to the Na+/K+ pump in the cell membrane and inhibits its action. The expected result of this poison on secondary active transport is _________
a loss of the ion concentration gradient that drives this process
An individual displaying a larger than normal number of LDL receptors is _________blank likely to develop artherosclerosis.
less
Some individuals have defective genes for LDL receptors rendering them nonfunctional. Individuals with these mutations typically have _________blank.
higher than normal blood cholesterol levels due to inability of peripheral cells to uptake LDLs Correct
what is the branch of biology that investigates cells called
cytology
what is the fluid located between cells called
extracellular fluid
