Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy 1 > ch. 6 the integumentary system > Flashcards

ch. 6 the integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

skin and subcutaneou tissue

integumentary system

A

consists of the skin and accessory organs
* hair
* nails
* cutaneous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

skin and subcutaneou tissue

skin is the body’s

A

largest and heaviest organ
* covers 1.5 to; composes 15% of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

skin and subcutaneou tissue

layers

A
  • epidermis stratified squamous epithelium
  • dermis deeper connective tissue
  • hypodermis connective tissue layer below dermis (not part of skin, associated with it)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of skin

resistance to

A

trauma and infection
* keratin
* dermacidin and defensins
* acid mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

functions of skin

other barrier functions

A
  • water
  • UV radiation
  • harmful chemicals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of skin

vitamin D synthesis

A
  • skin carries out first step
  • liver and kidneys complete process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

functions of skin

sensation

A
  • skin is an extensive sense organ
  • receptors for temp, touch, pain, more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

functions of skin

thermoregualtion

A
  • thermoreceptors
  • vasoconstriction/vasodilation
  • perspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the epidermis

epidermis

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the epidermis

includes

A
  • dead cells at skin surface packed with tough keratin protein
  • lacks blood vessels–depends on the diffuiosn of nutrients from underlying connective tissue
  • contains sparse nerve endings for touch and pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cells of epidermis

5 cell types

A
  • stem cells
  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • tactile cells
  • dendritic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cells of the epidermis

stem cells

A
  • undifferntiated cells that give rise to kertainocytes
  • in deepest layer of epidermis (stratum basale)
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells of the epidermis

keratinocytes

A
  • greates majority of epidermal cells
  • synthesize keratin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cells of the epidermis

melanocytes

A
  • synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from ultraviolet radiation
  • occurs only in stratum basale but have branches processes that spread among keratinocytes and distribute melanin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cells of the epidermis

tactile cells

A
  • touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers
  • in basal layer of epidermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cells of the epidermis

dendtritic cells

A
  • macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens
  • found in stratum spinosum and granulosm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the dermis

dermis

A

connective tissue layer beneath epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dermis

composed mainly with

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dermis

well supplied with

A
  • blood vessels
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • nerve endings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dermis

has a wavy conspicuous boundary with the

A

superficial epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dermis

dermal papillae are

A

upward
finger-like extensions of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dermis

epidermal ridges are

A

downward waves of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dermis

prominent waves on

A

fingers produce friction ridges of fingerprints

24
Q

hypodermis

hypodermis

A
  • subcutaneous tissue
  • has more areolar and adipose than dermis has
  • pads body and binds skin to underlying tissues
  • common site of drug injection since it has many blood vessels
25
Q

hypodermis

subcutaneous fat

A
  • energy reservoir
  • thermal insulation
  • thicken in women
  • thinner in infants, elderly
26
Q

skin color

melanin

A

most significant factor in skin color

27
Q

skin color

melanin is produced by

A

melanocytes
accumulates in keratinocytes

28
Q

skin color: melanin

two forms of pigment

A
  • eumelanin–brownish black
  • pheomelanin–reddish yellow (sulfur containing)
29
Q

skin color

people of different skin colors have the same

A

number of melanocytes

30
Q

skin color

darker skinned people

A
  • produce greater quantities of melanin
  • melanin breaks down more slowly
  • melanin granules more spread out in keratinocytes
  • melanized cells seen throughout the epidermis
31
Q

skin color

lighter skinned people

A
  • melanin clumped near keratinocyte nucleus
  • little melanin seen beyown stratum basale
32
Q

skin color

exposure to UV light stimulates

A

melanin secretion and darkens skin
* this color fades as melanin is degraded and old cells exfoliated

33
Q

skin color

other pigments can influence skin color

A
  • hemoglobin–pigment in RBCs-adds reddish to pinkish hue to skin
  • carotene–yellow pigment acquired from egg yolks and yellow/orange vegetables–concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutanous fat
34
Q

skin color

colors of diagnostic value

A
  • cyanosis
  • erythema
  • pallor
  • albinism
  • jaundice
  • hematoma
35
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

cyanosis

A

blueness due to oxygen deficiency

36
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

erythema

A

redness due to increased blood flow to skin

37
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

pallor

A

palness due to decreased blood flow to skin

38
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

albinism

A

milky white skin and blue-gray eyes due to genetic lack of melanin-synthesizing enzyme

39
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

jaundice

A

yellowing due to bilirubin in blood (can be caused by compromised liver function)

40
Q

skin color: colors of diagnostic value

hematoma

A

bruising
(clotted blood under skin)

41
Q

skin cancer

skin cancer

A

most cases causes by UV rays of the sun damaging skin cell DNA

42
Q

skin cancer

most often on the

A
  • head
  • neck
  • hands

most common in fair-skinned people and the elderly
one of the most common easily treated cancers
has one of the highest survival rates if detected and treated early

43
Q

skin cancer

3 types of skin caner names for the epidermial cells in which they orginate

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • malignant melanoma
44
Q

skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

A
  • most common type
  • least dangerous b/c it seldom metastasizes
  • forms from cells in stratum basale
  • lesion is small shiny bump with central depression and beaded edges
45
Q

skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
  • lesions usually on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of hand
  • have raised, reddened scaly appearance later forming a concave ulcer
  • chance of recovery good with early detection and surgical removal
  • tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and may become lethal
46
Q

skin cancer: malignant melanoma

malignant melonoma

A
  • skin cancer that arises from melanocytes
  • less than 5% of skin cancers but MOST DEALDY form
  • can be successfully removed if caught early but if it metasizes it is usually fatal
  • greated risk factor: famillial histoey of malignant melanoma
  • highest incidence in men, redheads, and people who has severe sunburn as a child
47
Q

burns

burns

A

leading cause of accidental death
* fires
* kitchen spills
* sunlight
* ionizing raditation
* strong acids/bases
* electrical shock

48
Q

burns

deaths result primarily from

A
  • fluid loss
  • infection
  • toxic effects of eschar (burned, dead tissue)

debridement: removal of eschar

49
Q

burns

classified according to depth of

A

tissue involvement

50
Q

burns

first-degree burns

A
  • involves only epidermis
  • redness
  • slight edema
  • pain
  • heals in days
51
Q

burns

second degree burns

A
  • partial-thickness burn
  • involves part of dermis
  • may appear red, tan, white
  • blistered and painful
  • 2 weeks–several months to heal and may leave scars
52
Q

burns

third degree burns

A
  • full-thickness burn
  • involves epidermis, all of dermis, and often some deeper tissues
  • often requires skin grafts
  • needs fluid replacement, infection control, supplemental nutrition
53
Q

UV rays and sunscreen

UVA and UVB are improperly called

A

tanning rays and burning rays
* both thought to initiate skin cancer
* no such thing as a healthy tan

54
Q

UV rays and sunscreen

sunscreens protect you from

A

sunburn but unsure if they provide protection against cancer
* high SPF numbers can give false sense of security
* chemical in sunscreen damage DNA and generate harmful free radicals

55
Q
A

anatomy 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions