CH 7 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Where do the following stages take place in a eukaryotic cell?GlycolysisAcetyl-coal synthesisCitric acid cycleOxidative phosphorylation
CytoplasmMitochondria MitochondriaMitochondria respectively
Define oxidation and reduction
Loss of electrons therefore reducing agentGain of electrons therefore oxidizing agent
When energy is released in the form of ATP where is it stored during cell respiration?
Electron carriers
What are the two ways the cell can produce ATP?
Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Define substrate level phosphorylation
Transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP occurs during stages 1 and 3
How many ATP are produced during glycolysis
7 2 from SLP( substrate level phosphorylation )5 from OP ( oxidative phosphorylation)
How many ATP are produce during acetyl coa synthesis?
5 all from OP
How many ATP are produced during the citric acid cycle?
202 from SLP18 from OP
Is phase 1 of glycolysis endergonic?
Yes it consumes 2 ATP to trap glucose into the cell for the next phase
What happens in phase 2 of glycolysis?
Cleavage phase breaking sugar isomers into two
What happens in phase 3 of glycolysis?
Production of 4 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate continuing
Define dehydrogenase complex
Group of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl coa
Describe the citric acid cycle
Oxaloacetate and acetyl coa form citrateResults in: 2 ATP, 6NADH and 2FADH
By which complex do electrons from NADH enter the electron transport chain?
Complex 1
By which complex do electrons from FADH enter the electron transport chain?
Complex 2
What is the purpose of coenzyme Q in the ETC?
To transport electrons from complexes 1 and 2 and 3
When is water formed in the ETC?
When cytochrome C moves to complex 4
What is the purpose of cellular respiration 3 things?
Breakdown carbohydrates, lipids and proteinsRelease energy to do workConverting organic molecules to energy in the form of ATP
How is ATP synthesized whiting the ETC?
ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP
Is the transport of electrons in complexes 1,3 and 4 coupled with the transport of protons
Yes
How does ATP synthase catalyze the synthesis of ATP?
The rotational energy catalyze so the synthesis of ATP as protons pass through it
What is the main driver of ATP synthesis?
The proton gradient
1 NADH makes how many molecules of ATP?
2.5
1 FADH makes how many molecules of ATP?
1.5
Define fermentation
Controlled snare in breakdown of an energy rich compound
What are the two main types of fermentation? And which systems to they correspond?
Lactic acid found in animals and bacteriaEthanol in fungus
Define allosteric regulation
Regulators bind on the enzyme to change the shape of the active site providing greater select ability to the use of the enzyme
