CH 7 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the following stages take place in a eukaryotic cell?GlycolysisAcetyl-coal synthesisCitric acid cycleOxidative phosphorylation

A

CytoplasmMitochondria MitochondriaMitochondria respectively

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2
Q

Define oxidation and reduction

A

Loss of electrons therefore reducing agentGain of electrons therefore oxidizing agent

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3
Q

When energy is released in the form of ATP where is it stored during cell respiration?

A

Electron carriers

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4
Q

What are the two ways the cell can produce ATP?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

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5
Q

Define substrate level phosphorylation

A

Transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP occurs during stages 1 and 3

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6
Q

How many ATP are produced during glycolysis

A

7 2 from SLP( substrate level phosphorylation )5 from OP ( oxidative phosphorylation)

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7
Q

How many ATP are produce during acetyl coa synthesis?

A

5 all from OP

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8
Q

How many ATP are produced during the citric acid cycle?

A

202 from SLP18 from OP

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9
Q

Is phase 1 of glycolysis endergonic?

A

Yes it consumes 2 ATP to trap glucose into the cell for the next phase

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10
Q

What happens in phase 2 of glycolysis?

A

Cleavage phase breaking sugar isomers into two

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11
Q

What happens in phase 3 of glycolysis?

A

Production of 4 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate continuing

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12
Q

Define dehydrogenase complex

A

Group of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl coa

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13
Q

Describe the citric acid cycle

A

Oxaloacetate and acetyl coa form citrateResults in: 2 ATP, 6NADH and 2FADH

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14
Q

By which complex do electrons from NADH enter the electron transport chain?

A

Complex 1

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15
Q

By which complex do electrons from FADH enter the electron transport chain?

A

Complex 2

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16
Q

What is the purpose of coenzyme Q in the ETC?

A

To transport electrons from complexes 1 and 2 and 3

17
Q

When is water formed in the ETC?

A

When cytochrome C moves to complex 4

18
Q

What is the purpose of cellular respiration 3 things?

A

Breakdown carbohydrates, lipids and proteinsRelease energy to do workConverting organic molecules to energy in the form of ATP

19
Q

How is ATP synthesized whiting the ETC?

A

ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP

20
Q

Is the transport of electrons in complexes 1,3 and 4 coupled with the transport of protons

A

Yes

21
Q

How does ATP synthase catalyze the synthesis of ATP?

A

The rotational energy catalyze so the synthesis of ATP as protons pass through it

22
Q

What is the main driver of ATP synthesis?

A

The proton gradient

23
Q

1 NADH makes how many molecules of ATP?

A

2.5

24
Q

1 FADH makes how many molecules of ATP?

A

1.5

25
Q

Define fermentation

A

Controlled snare in breakdown of an energy rich compound

26
Q

What are the two main types of fermentation? And which systems to they correspond?

A

Lactic acid found in animals and bacteriaEthanol in fungus

27
Q

Define allosteric regulation

A

Regulators bind on the enzyme to change the shape of the active site providing greater select ability to the use of the enzyme