CH 3Lab Nucleic Acids and The Encoding of Biological Info Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main enzyme for making a polymer of RNA?

A

RNA polymerase

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2
Q

How does the enzyme above recognize where the information for a gene is?

A

The promoter region known as the TATA box

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3
Q

Where does transcription and translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Nucleus and the cytoplasm respectively

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4
Q

Where does transcription and translation occur in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Both occur in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Where does transcription end?

A

It ends at the 3’ TTATTT 5’ sequence

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6
Q

What is transcription and why is it done?

A

Process of copying DNA into RNA Used to blueprint for protein synthesis

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7
Q

What are the 4 molecular factors required for transcription?

A

RNA polymeraseActivator proteinsEnhancerMediator complex

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8
Q

What are the three phases of transcription?

A

InitiationElongation Termination

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9
Q

What are introns?

A

Non coding regions. Removed during transcription

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10
Q

What are exons?

A

Coding regions. Kept during transcription

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11
Q

Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

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12
Q

What are the two roles of tRNA ^MET in the initiation process?

A

Finds the start siteInitiates brining in other amino acids

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13
Q

What is the role of the 5’ cap.

A

Scans for UAG

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14
Q

What is happening at the A, P and E sites respectively?

A

At the A site tRNA moves in and attaches to codonAt the P site transfer of amino acids to form an amino acid chainAt the E site the tRNA exits the site

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15
Q

How does translation end?

A

When it reaches the stop codon UAG

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16
Q

What are the molecular factors required for translation?

A

mRNA, release factors, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, tRNA and ribosomes

17
Q

Where does mRNA translation begin?

A

At the 5’ cap

18
Q

What molecule is the source of information for transcription?

A

DNA