CH 6 Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy Flashcards
What are phototrophs?
Organisms that get energy from the sun
What are chemotrophs?
Organisms that get their energy from chemical compounds
Are humans chemoheterotrophs?
Yes
Define catabolism
The breakdown of molecules into smaller units producing ATP
Define anabolism
Building of molecules from smaller units requires energy
Define kinetic energy?
Energy involved with movement
Define potential energy?
Stored energy
Where is the highest potential energy located in an atom?
at the outer electron shell
What are the three main attributes of ATP?
Stable but not too stableAbility too break down one or two bondsEasy to recharge
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy is neither created or destroyed it simply changes from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The amount of disorder increases when energy is transformed
Define Gibbs free energy
The amount of energy in a system available to do work
Is an endergonic anabolic or catabolic?
Anabolic it requires energy
Is an exergonic reaction catabolic or anabolic?
Catabolic it releases energy
Define enthalpy?
Total amount of energy available
Define entropy
Degree of disorder
Define energy coupling
The energy used from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
What is the change in Gibbs free energy for 1mol of ATP?
-7 kcal
What are the 4 requirements of a cells metabolism?
A way to encode and transmit informationA membrane separating inside from outsideEnergyUniversal currency of all cells is ATP
Define transition state?
A brief moment in a chemical reaction when in which the chemical bonds in the reactants are broken and new bonds in the products are formed
What is the allosteric effect?
A change in the activity or affinity of a protein as the result of binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site
What is competitive inhibition?
The enzyme binds either it’s substrates or it’s inhibitor
What is non competitive inhibition? Does this cause a decrease in the rate at which enzymes converts the substrate to product?
Binding site of substrates and in biters are different Yes
Is an enzyme consumed in the reaction?
No
How the active site formed?
Protein folding brings specific amino acids close together forming the active site
What is a catalyst?
Substance that increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumedEnzymes
