CH 6 Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Question 1

What are phototrophs?

Answer 1

Organisms that get energy from the sun

Question 2

What are chemotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms that get their energy from chemical compounds

Question 3

Are humans chemoheterotrophs?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Define catabolism

Answer 4

The breakdown of molecules into smaller units producing ATP

Question 5

Define anabolism

Answer 5

Building of molecules from smaller units requires energy

Question 6

Define kinetic energy?

Answer 6

Energy involved with movement

Question 7

Define potential energy?

Answer 7

Stored energy

Question 8

Where is the highest potential energy located in an atom?

Answer 8

at the outer electron shell

Question 9

What are the three main attributes of ATP?

Answer 9

Stable but not too stableAbility too break down one or two bondsEasy to recharge

Question 10

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

Energy is neither created or destroyed it simply changes from one form to another

Question 11

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

The amount of disorder increases when energy is transformed

Question 12

Define Gibbs free energy

Answer 12

The amount of energy in a system available to do work

Question 13

Is an endergonic anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 13

Anabolic it requires energy

Question 14

Is an exergonic reaction catabolic or anabolic?

Answer 14

Catabolic it releases energy

Question 15

Define enthalpy?

Answer 15

Total amount of energy available

Question 16

Define entropy

Answer 16

Degree of disorder

Question 17

Define energy coupling

Answer 17

The energy used from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

Question 18

What is the change in Gibbs free energy for 1mol of ATP?

Answer 18

-7 kcal

Question 19

What are the 4 requirements of a cells metabolism?

Answer 19

A way to encode and transmit informationA membrane separating inside from outsideEnergyUniversal currency of all cells is ATP

Question 20

Define transition state?

Answer 20

A brief moment in a chemical reaction when in which the chemical bonds in the reactants are broken and new bonds in the products are formed

Question 21

What is the allosteric effect?

Answer 21

A change in the activity or affinity of a protein as the result of binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site

Question 22

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 22

The enzyme binds either it’s substrates or it’s inhibitor

Question 23

What is non competitive inhibition? Does this cause a decrease in the rate at which enzymes converts the substrate to product?

Answer 23

Binding site of substrates and in biters are different Yes

Question 24

Is an enzyme consumed in the reaction?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

How the active site formed?

Answer 25

Protein folding brings specific amino acids close together forming the active site

Question 26

What is a catalyst?

Answer 26

Substance that increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumedEnzymes