CH 4Lab Translation and Protein Structure Flashcards
What is the main enzyme for making a polymer of RNA?
RNA polymerase
How does the enzyme above recognize where the information for a gene is?
The promoter region known as the TATA box
Where does transcription and translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus and the cytoplasm respectively
Where does transcription and translation occur in a prokaryotic cell?
Both occur in the cytoplasm
Where does transcription end?
It ends at the 3’ TTATTT 5’ sequence
What is transcription and why is it done?
Process of copying DNA into RNA Used to blueprint for protein synthesis
What are the 4 molecular factors required for transcription?
RNA polymeraseActivator proteinsEnhancerMediator complex
What are the three phases of transcription?
InitiationElongation Termination
What are introns?
Non coding regions. Removed during transcription
What are exons?
Coding regions. Kept during transcription
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
In the cytoplasm
What are the two roles of tRNA ^MET in the initiation process?
Finds the start siteInitiates brining in other amino acids
What is the role of the 5’ cap.
Scans for UAG
What is happening at the A, P and E sites respectively?
At the A site tRNA moves in and attaches to codonAt the P site transfer of amino acids to form an amino acid chainAt the E site the tRNA exits the site
How does translation end?
When it reaches the stop codon UAG
