Ch. 7 Flashcards
What are the 3 dimensions of Economic Anthropology?
Production
Distribution
Consumption
The academic discipline that studies systems of production, distribution, and consumption, typically in the industrialized world
Economics
A society’s regulation and control of such resources as land and water and their by-products
Allocation of resources
The assignment of day-to-day tasks to the various members of society
Division of Labour
The process whereby goods are obtained from the natural environment and altered to become consumable goods for society
Production
The pattern a society uses to obtain it’s food
Subsistence strategy
A form of subsistence that relies on animal, fish, and plant resources found in the natural environment
Foraging (hunting/gathering)
Small-scale crop cultivation characterized by the use of simple technology and the absence of irrigation and fertilizer
Also known as the art or practice of garden cultivation and management.
Horticulture
Clearing the land by manually cutting down natural growth, burning it, and planting in the burned area relatively short periods of cultivation are followed by longer fallow periods
Shifting Cultivation
A food-strategy based on animal husbandry; found in regions of the world generally unsuited for agriculture
Pastoralism
The seasonal movement of livestock between upland and lowland pastures
Transhumance
The movement pattern of pastoralists involving the periodic migration of human populations in search of food or pasture for livestock
Nomadism
A form of food production that requires intensive working of the land with plows and draft animals and the use of techniques of soil and water control
Intensive Agriculture
The production of a single commodity on vast acreage.
Monoculture
Food production that relies on technological sources of energy rather than human or animal energy
Industrial Agriculture
A mode of distribution characterized by the exchange of goods and services of approximately equal value between parties
Reciprocity
The practice of giving a gift without expecting a gift in return
Generalized Reciprocity
The practice of giving a gift with the expectation that it will be reciprocated with a similar gift after a limited period of time
Balanced Reciprocity
A form of economic exchange between individuals who try to take advantage of each other
Negative Reciprocity
A mode of distribution in which goods and services are given by members of a group to a central authority, and then distributed back to the donors
Redistribution
A distribution in which goods and services are bought and sold, and their value is determined by the principle of supply and demand
Market Exchange
it was not until the _______, some 10,00 years ago, that human beings began producing food by horticulture or animal husbandry
Neolithic Revolution
