Ch. 6 - Culture and Communication Flashcards
A symbolic system of arbitrary sounds that, when put together according to a certain set of rules, convey meaning to it’s speakers
Language
The scientific study of language
Linguistics
The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning in a language
Phoneme
The smallest linguistic form that conveys meaning
Morpheme
Linguistic rules, found in all languages, that determine how phrases and sentences are constructed
Syntax
A form of nonverbal communication involving the interpretation of bodily movement
Kinesics
The nonlexical/non-verbal component of communication by speech. For example: intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression.
Paralanguage
Auditory features of speech, such as intonation, stress, loudness, and rhythm, that help interpret the meaning of words
Prosodic features
The form on nonverbal communication that involves touch
Haptic Communication
The form on nonverbal communication that involves how people use space
Proxemics
This type of culture uses communication in an indirect way, relying heavily on the context to convey meaning
High-Context Cultures (found in Asia, Middle East, Africa, etc.)
Cultures in which communication is direct and unambiguous, where meaning is conveyed by the words themselves
Low-Context Cultures (Canada, and USA use this)
Words or phrases that show respect and thus encode social status
Honorifics
Varieties of speech associated with particular genders
Genderlects
Minimal responses to a speaker that serve to continue the conversation or to show agreement
Backchannels
A chain of speech variants that are mutually intelligible between adjacent geographic areas, but the ends are mutually unintelligible
Dialect Continuum (ex: The Cree Language in Canada, which stretches from Labrador to B.C.)
A common language that people use to communicate when they do not share some native or first language
Lingua Franca (ex: Europe’s lingua franca is widely known to be English)
A simplified language used as a means of communication
Pidgin
A pidgin that has become a mother tongue or native language
Creole
A language created for artistic purposes to provide a sense of realism in novels, television shows, online games, and movies
Artlang
An invented language created for communication between people lacking a common language
International Auxiliary Language
A region of class variation of a language
Dialect
The situation in which two languages or forms of the same language are spoken by people in the same language community at different times and places
Diglossia
The notion that a person’s language shapes his/her perceptions and view of the world, and consequently their behavior
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
