Ch. 2 - The Concept of Culture

Question 1

Everything that people have, think, and do as members of society

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

A community of people who share the same culture

Answer 2

Society

Question 3

What is important to people, and that which they act to acquire or maintain

Answer 3

Values

Question 4

Learned, positive or negative evaluations of an element of culture

Answer 4

Attitudes

Question 5

Ideas about what is true

Answer 5

Beliefs

Question 6

Ideas about what is appropriate and what is inappropriate behavior

Answer 6

Norms

Question 7

List the 6 Cultural Universals

Answer 7

• Education
• Religion
• Language
• Biological needs
• Social organization
• Economic system

Question 8

How is American culture often described?

Answer 8

A “melting pot” culture; meaning everything eventually assimilates into the same thing

Question 9

General cultural traits found in all societies of the world

Answer 9

Cultural Universals

Question 10

The process by which humans learn their culture

Answer 10

Enculturation

Question 11

The spreading of a cultural trait from one society to another

Answer 11

Cultural Diffusion

Question 12

Cultural diffusion is both __________ and _________

Answer 12

Selective and Reciprocal

Question 13

To have many meanings or symbols

Answer 13

Polysemic

Question 14

Societies composed of a number of different cultural or subcultural groups

Answer 14

Pluralistic Societies

Question 15

A change brought about by the recombination of already existing items within a culture

Answer 15

Innovation

Question 16

A new combination of existing cultural features

Answer 16

Invention

Question 17

What are the 4 ways that cultural anthropologists describe “primitive” cultures?

Answer 17

• Preliterate
• Small-scale
• Egalitarian
• Technologically simple

Question 18

Who came up with the first anthropological definition of culture?

Answer 18

Edward Burnett Tylor

Question 19

A process whereby a people are forcibly assimilated by a dominant culture

Answer 19

Cultural Hegemony

Question 20

A process whereby a people lose their identity as a distinct culture through disposing of their lands and cultural hegemony

Answer 20

Cultural Genocide

Question 21

The implication that culture is the major way human populations adapt or relate to their specific habitat in order to survive and reproduce

Answer 21

Adaptive Nature of Culture

Question 22

Changes in one part of a culture brought about by changes in other parts of the culture

Answer 22

Linked Changes

Question 23

Something tangible, such as a material object or behavior, that represents something intangible, such as value, attitude, belief, or an organization

Answer 23

Symbol

Question 24

An organized pattern of behavior that help organize our daily lives

Answer 24

Schema

Question 25

What was the name of Edward Burnett Tylor’s 1871 book?

Answer 25

“Primitive Culture”