Ch. 1 - Anthropology in a Global World Flashcards
What does Anthropology study?
People, their origins, their development, and their contemporary variations
What are the 4 branches/subfields on Anthropology?
- Physical/Biological Anthropology
- Archaeology
- Anthropological Linguistics
- Cultural Anthropology
Who developed the four-field approach to Anthropology?
Franz Boas; in the late 19th century
This stream involves conducting applied research projects designed to generate policy recommendations for addressing societal problems
Applied Anthropology
This stream involves using pre-existing anthropological data, methods, theories, and insights on a daily basis
Practice Anthropology
The subfield of Anthropology that studies human biological evolution, primates, and contemporary physical variations among peoples of the world
Physical/Biological Anthropology
The study of human evolution through fossil remains
Paleoanthropology
Which Canadian forensic anthropologist studied Sir John Franklin’s Arctic expedition of 1845?
Owen Beattie;
He discovered that the explorers had resorted to Cannibalism, potentially influenced by lead-poisoning from their tinned foods
The study of non-human primates in their natural environments for the purpose of gaining insights into the human evolutionary process
Primatology
What are the two main tenets/rules of Anthropology?
Holism + Cultural Relativism
The two kinds of field research and viewpoints obtained in Anthropological research
Emic + Etic
Viewpoint from the perspective of the subject
Emic
Viewpoint from the perspective of the observer
Etic
What are the 3 broad areas of investigation concerning Physical/Biological Anthropology?
Paleoanthropology
Human Physical Variation
Primatology
What are the 3 types of material remains involved in Archaeology?
Artifacts (Tools, projectile points, pottery, beads)
Ecofacts (Bones, seeds, wood)
Features (Fossilized footprints, Hearths, house foundations, fireplaces, postholes)
What are the four branches of Anthropological Linguistics?
- Historical
- Descriptive
- Ethnolinguistics
- Sociolinguistics
The anthropological description of a particular contemporary culture by means of direct fieldwork
Ethnography
The comparative study of cultural differences and similarities
Ethnology
What are the 5 main areas that Cultural Anthropologists specialize in?
- Urban
- Medical
- Development
- Environmental
- Psychological
A perspective that attempts to study a culture by looking at all parts of the system and how those parts are interrelated
Holism
What are the two ways to respond to unfamiliar cultures?
Ethnocentricity + Cultural Relativism
The use of cross-cultural comparisons to understand issues facing many cultures worldwide
Comparative Approach
The practice of viewing the cultural features of other societies in terms of one’s own
Ethnocentrism
The idea that cultural traits are best understood when viewed within the cultural context of which they are a part
Cultural Relativism
