Ch. 1 - Anthropology in a Global World

Question 1

What does Anthropology study?

Answer 1

People, their origins, their development, and their contemporary variations

Question 2

What are the 4 branches/subfields on Anthropology?

Answer 2

• Physical/Biological Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Anthropological Linguistics
• Cultural Anthropology

Question 3

Who developed the four-field approach to Anthropology?

Answer 3

Franz Boas; in the late 19th century

Question 4

This stream involves conducting applied research projects designed to generate policy recommendations for addressing societal problems

Answer 4

Applied Anthropology

Question 5

This stream involves using pre-existing anthropological data, methods, theories, and insights on a daily basis

Answer 5

Practice Anthropology

Question 6

The subfield of Anthropology that studies human biological evolution, primates, and contemporary physical variations among peoples of the world

Answer 6

Physical/Biological Anthropology

Question 7

The study of human evolution through fossil remains

Answer 7

Paleoanthropology

Question 8

Which Canadian forensic anthropologist studied Sir John Franklin’s Arctic expedition of 1845?

Answer 8

Owen Beattie;

He discovered that the explorers had resorted to Cannibalism, potentially influenced by lead-poisoning from their tinned foods

Question 9

The study of non-human primates in their natural environments for the purpose of gaining insights into the human evolutionary process

Answer 9

Primatology

Question 10

What are the two main tenets/rules of Anthropology?

Answer 10

Holism + Cultural Relativism

Question 11

The two kinds of field research and viewpoints obtained in Anthropological research

Answer 11

Emic + Etic

Question 12

Viewpoint from the perspective of the subject

Answer 12

Emic

Question 13

Viewpoint from the perspective of the observer

Answer 13

Etic

Question 14

What are the 3 broad areas of investigation concerning Physical/Biological Anthropology?

Answer 14

Paleoanthropology

Human Physical Variation

Primatology

Question 15

What are the 3 types of material remains involved in Archaeology?

Answer 15

Artifacts (Tools, projectile points, pottery, beads)

Ecofacts (Bones, seeds, wood)

Features (Fossilized footprints, Hearths, house foundations, fireplaces, postholes)

Question 16

What are the four branches of Anthropological Linguistics?

Answer 16

• Historical
• Descriptive
• Ethnolinguistics
• Sociolinguistics

Question 17

The anthropological description of a particular contemporary culture by means of direct fieldwork

Answer 17

Ethnography

Question 18

The comparative study of cultural differences and similarities

Answer 18

Ethnology

Question 19

What are the 5 main areas that Cultural Anthropologists specialize in?

Answer 19

• Urban
• Medical
• Development
• Environmental
• Psychological

Question 20

A perspective that attempts to study a culture by looking at all parts of the system and how those parts are interrelated

Answer 20

Holism

Question 21

What are the two ways to respond to unfamiliar cultures?

Answer 21

Ethnocentricity + Cultural Relativism

Question 22

The use of cross-cultural comparisons to understand issues facing many cultures worldwide

Answer 22

Comparative Approach

Question 23

The practice of viewing the cultural features of other societies in terms of one’s own

Answer 23

Ethnocentrism

Question 24

The idea that cultural traits are best understood when viewed within the cultural context of which they are a part

Answer 24

Cultural Relativism

Question 25

The feeling of anxiety or disorientation when experiencing a different culture

Answer 25

Culture Shock

Question 26

The process whereby the universalizing processes of globalization interact with the particularizing tendencies of local cultures to produce new forms of the original cultures

Answer 26

Glocalization

Question 27

The study of disease in pre-historic and pre-contact populations

Answer 27

Paleopathology

Question 28

Physical Remains that were used by humans, but were not made or reworked by them

Answer 28

Ecofacts

Question 29

The study of the causes, occurrence, distribution, transmission, and control of diseases in populations

Answer 29

Epidemiology

Question 30

The comparative study of ideas about the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease in different societies

Answer 30

Ethnomedicine