Ch. 11 Flashcards
Societies lacking formal political structure and where decisions are often embedded in the family; typically egalitarian, hunting/gathering societies
Band Societies
The ways in which power is distributed in a society to control people’s behaviour and maintain social order
Political Organization
The process that brings disparate people under the control of a single political system
Political Integration
Small-scale societies that have local informal leaders but no centralized leadership
Tribal Societies
A form of political organization in which political authority is likely to reside with a single individual or chief and his/her advisors
Chiefdom
A particular type of political structure that is hierarchical, bureaucratic, centralized, and has a monopoly on the legitimate use of force to implement its policies
State
Specific tasks expected of a person or group. such as law enforcement, tax collection, dispute settlement, recruitment of labour, and protection from outside invasions
Specialized Political Roles
A form of government controlled by a leader who holds absolute power and denies popular participation in decision making
Autocratic State
A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible
Totalitarian State
A form of nation state in which the power rests with a single individual or family within which power is inherited
Monarchy
A nation-state in which one individual holds power
Dictatorship
A nation-state in which ultimate power rests with a deity or god
Theocracy
A form of government in which power rests with the citizens, who periodically elect members of their society to some form of assembly to represent them in decision making
Representative Democracy
A direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal
Referendum
The right to vote
Suffrage
A set of laws that provide the basic rules and principles by which a state is structured and governed, and in many cases protects the rights of its citizens
Constitution
Mechanisms found in all societies that function to encourage people to maintain social norms
Social Control
Any means used to enforce compliance with the rules and norms of a society
Sanctions
A violation of social norms
Deviance
Mechanisms of social control for enforcing a society’s norms through rewards
Positive Sanctions
Punishments for violating the norms of a society
Negative Sanctions
A group of people who feel they share a common identity, culture and history
Nation
A socio-cultural entity as well as a political community that has legitimacy over a defined territory
Nation-state
People from many ethnic background living with the same nation-state or geographic area
Polyethnic
