Ch 7 Flashcards
Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is true?
A. All neurotransmitters are derived from amino acid precursors.
B. Small-molecule neurotransmitters include dopamine, histamine, ATP, glycine, enkephalin, and norepinephrine.
C. Large-molecule transmitters include ATP, cannabinoids, substance P, and vasopressin.
D. Norepinephrine can act as a neurotransmitter in the periphery and a neuromodulator in the CNS.
E. Nitrous oxide is a neurotransmitter in the CNS.
D. Norepinephrine can act as a neurotransmitter in the periphery and a neuromodulator in the CNS.
Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Neuronal glutamate is synthesized in glia by the enzymatic conversion from glutamine and then diffuses into the neuronal terminal where it is sequestered into vesicles until released by an influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm after an action potential reaches the nerve terminal.
B. After release of serotonin into the synaptic cleft, its actions are terminated by reuptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal, an action that can be blocked by tricyclic antidepressants.
C. Norepinephrine is the only small-molecule transmitter that is synthesized in synaptic vesicles instead of being transported into the vesicle after its synthesis.
D. Each nicotinic cholinergic receptor is made up of five subunits that form a central channel that, when the receptor is activated, permits the passage of Na+ and other cations.
E. GABA transaminase converts glutamate to GABA; the vesicular GABA transporter transports both GABA and glycine into synaptic vesicles.
A. Neuronal glutamate is synthesized in glia by the enzymatic conversion from glutamine and then diffuses into the neuronal terminal where it is sequestered into vesicles until released by an influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm after an action potential reaches the nerve terminal.
Which of the following receptors is correctly identi ed as an ionotropic or a G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR)? A. Neurokinin receptor: ionotropic B. Nicotinic receptor: GPCR C. GABAA receptor: ionotropic D. NMDA receptor: GPCR E. Glycine: GPCR
C. GABAA receptor: ionotropic
A 27-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with symptoms of opioid intoxication. He was given an intravenous dose of naloxone. Endogenous opioids
A. bind to both ionotropic receptors and GPCR.
B. include morphine, endorphins, and dynorphins.
C. show the following order of affnity for δ receptors: dynorphins > > endorphins.
D. show the following order of affinity for μ receptors: dynorphins > endorphins.
E. show the following order of affinity for κ receptors: endorphins > > enkephalins.
C. show the following order of affnity for δ receptors: dynorphins > > endorphins.
A 38-year-old woman was referred to a psychiatrist after telling her primary care physician that she had difficulty sleeping (awakening at 4 AM frequently for the past few months) and a lack of appetite causing a weight loss of over 20 lb. She also said she no longer enjoyed going out with her friends or doing volunteer service for underprivileged children. What type of drug is her doctor most likely to suggest as an initial step in her therapy?
A. A serotonergic receptor antagonist
B. An inhibitor of neuronal uptake of serotonin
C. An inhibitor of monoamine oxidase
D. An amphetamine-like drug
E. A drug that causes an increase in both serotonin and
dopamine
B. An inhibitor of neuronal uptake of serotonin
A 55-year-old woman had been receiving long-term treatment with phenelzine for her depression. After she consumed Chianti wine, aged cheddar cheese, processed meats, and dried fruits one night at a party, the following symptoms developed: a severe headache, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, enlarged pupils, increased sensitivity to light, and nausea. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. The foods were contaminated with botulinum toxin.
B. She had a myocardial infarction.
C. She experienced a migraine headache.
D. She had an adverse reaction to the mixture of alcohol with
her antidepressant.
E. She had a hypertensive crisis from eating foods high in tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for her depression.
E. She had a hypertensive crisis from eating foods high in tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for her depression
