Ch 13 Flashcards
Hypertension developed in a 26-year-old man after he began taking amphetamine to boost his energy and to suppress his appetite. Which of the following drugs would be expected to mimic the effects of increased sympathetic discharge on blood vessels? A. Phenylephrine B. Trimethaphan C. Atropine D. Reserpine E. Albuterol
A. Phenylephrine
A 35-year-old woman in whom multiple system atrophy was diagnosed had symptoms indicative of failure of sympathetic nerve activity. Which of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system is correct?
A. All postganglionic sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine from their terminals.
B. Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the intermediolateral column of the thoracic and sacral spinal cord.
C. The sympathetic nervous system is required for survival.
D. Acetylcholine is released from all sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals.
E. The sympathetic nervous system adjusts pupillary diameter by relaxing the pupillary constrictor muscle.
D. Acetylcholine is released from all sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals.
A 45-year-old man had a meal containing wild mushrooms that he picked in a field earlier in the day. Within a few hours after eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary urgency, vasodilation, sweating, and salivation developed. Which of the following statements about the parasympathetic nervous system is correct?
A. Postganglionic parasympathetic nerves release acetylcholine to activate muscarinic receptors on sweat glands.
B. Parasympathetic nerve activity a ects only smooth muscles and glands.
C. Parasympathetic nerve activity causes contraction of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal wall and relaxation of the gastrointestinal sphincter.
D. Parasympathetic nerve activity causes contraction of the radial muscle of the eye to allow accommodation for near vision.
E. An increase in parasympathetic activity causes an increase in heart rate.
C. Parasympathetic nerve activity causes contraction of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal wall and relaxation of the gastrointestinal sphincter.
Which of the following is correctly paired?
A. Sinoatrial node: Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
B. Autonomic ganglia: Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
C. Pilomotor smooth muscle: β2-adrenergic receptors
D. Vasculature of some skeletal muscles: Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
E. Sweat glands: α2-adrenergic receptors
D. Vasculature of some skeletal muscles: Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
A 57-year-old man had severe hypertension that was found to result from a tumor compressing on the surface of the medulla. Which one of the following statements about pathways involved in the control of sympathetic nerve activity is correct?
A. Preganglionic sympathetic nerves receive inhibitory input from the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
B. The major source of excitatory input to preganglionic sympathetic nerves is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
C. The activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons can be affected by the activity of neurons in the amygdala.
D. Unlike the activity in δ-motor neurons, sympathetic preganglionic neurons are not under any signi cant re ex control.
E. Under resting conditions, the sympathetic nervous system is not active; it is active only during stress giving rise to the term “fight or flight” response.
C. The activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons can be affected by the activity of neurons in the amygdala.
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed a few years ago in a 53-year-old woman with diabetes. She recently noted abdominal distension and a feeling of being full after eating only a small portion of food, suggesting the neuropathy had extended to her enteric nervous system to cause gastroparesis. Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is correct?
A. The enteric nervous system is a subdivision of the parasympathetic nervous system for control of gastrointestinal function.
B. The myenteric plexus is a group of motor neurons located within circular layer of muscle in a portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
C. The submucosal plexus is a group of sensory neurons located between the circular muscle and the luminal mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.
D. Neurons comprising the enteric nervous system are located only in the stomach and intestine.
E. The enteric nervous system can function independent of the autonomic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract.
E. The enteric nervous system can function independent of the autonomic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract.
