Ch 15

Question 1

A 27-year-old man suffered a traumatic brain injury as a result of a motorcycle accident. He was unconscious and was rushed to the emergency department of the local hospital. A CT scan was performed and appropriate interventions were taken. About 6 months later he still had memory deficits. Which of the following is correctly paired to show the relationship between a brain area and a type of memory?
A. Hippocampus and implicit memory
B. Neocortex and associative learning
C. Medial temporal lobe and declarative memory
D. Angular gyrus and procedural memory
E. Striatum and priming

Answer 1

C. Medial temporal lobe and declarative memory

Question 2

The optic chiasm and corpus callosum are sectioned in a dog, and with the right eye covered, the animal is trained to bark when it sees a red square. The right eye is then uncovered and the left eye covered. The animal will now
A. fail to respond to the red square because the square does not produce impulses that reach the right occipital cortex.
B. fail to respond to the red square because the animal has bitemporal hemianopia.
C. fail to respond to the red square if the posterior commissure is also sectioned.
D. respond to the red square only after retraining.
E. respond promptly to the red square in spite of the lack of input to the left occipital cortex.

Answer 2

E. respond promptly to the red square in spite of the lack of input to the left occipital cortex.

Question 3

A 32-year-old man had medial temporal lobe epilepsy for over 10 years. This caused bilateral loss of hippocampal function. As a result, this individual might be expected to experience a
A. disappearance of remote memories.
B. loss of working memory.
C. loss of the ability to encode events of the recent past into long-term memory.
D. loss of the ability to recall faces and forms but not the ability
to recall printed or spoken words.
E. production of inappropriate emotional responses when
recalling events of the recent past.

Answer 3

C. loss of the ability to encode events of the recent past into long-term memory.

Question 4

A 70-year-old woman fell down a flight of stairs, hitting her head on the concrete sidewalk. The trauma caused a severe intracranial hemorrhage. The symptoms she might experience are dependent on the area of the brain most affected. Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
A. Damage to the parietal lobe of the representational hemisphere : Unilateral inattention and neglect
B. Loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and related areas of the forebrain : Loss of recent memory
C. Damage to the mammillary bodies : Loss of recent memory
D. Damage to the angular gyrus in the categorical hemisphere : Nonfluent aphasia
E. Damage to Broca area in the categorical hemisphere : Slow speech

Answer 4

D. Damage to the angular gyrus in the categorical hemisphere : Nonfluent aphasia

Question 5

The representational hemisphere is better than the categorical hemisphere at
A. language functions.
B. recognition of objects by their form.
C. understanding printed words.
D. understanding spoken words.
E. mathematical calculations.

Answer 5

B. recognition of objects by their form.

Question 6

A 67-year-old woman suffered a stroke that damaged the posterior end of the superior temporal gyrus. A lesion of Wernicke area in the categorical hemisphere causes her to
A. lose her short-term memory.
B. experience nonfluent aphasia in which she speaks in a slow, halting voice.
C. experience déjà vu.
D. talk rapidly but make little sense, which is characteristic of fluent aphasia.
E. lose the ability to recognize faces, which is called prosopagnosia.

Answer 6

D. talk rapidly but make little sense, which is characteristic of fluent aphasia.

Question 7

Which of the following is most likely involved in production of LTP?
A. NO release, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane hyperpolarization
B. Decreased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization
C. Activation of NMDA receptors, NO-induced reduction in glutamate release in a presynaptic neuron, and membrane depolarization
D. Increased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization
E. NO-induced increase in glutamate release in a presynaptic neuron, activation of non-NMDA receptors, membrane hyperpolarization

Answer 7

D. Increased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization

Question 8

A 79-year-old woman has been experiencing difficulty finding her way back home after her morning walks. Her husband has also noted that she takes much longer to do routine chores around the home and often appears to be confused. He is hoping that this is just due to “old age” but fears it may be a sign of Alzheimer disease. Which of the following is the definitive sign of this disease?
A. Loss of short-term memory
B. The presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques with a core of β-amyloidpeptides
C. A mutation in genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21
D. Rapid reversal of symptoms with the use of
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
E. A loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert

Answer 8

B. The presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques with a core of β-amyloidpeptides