Ch 11 Flashcards
A young boy was diagnosed with congenital anosmia, a rare disorder in which an individual is born without the ability to smell. Odorant receptors are
A. located in the olfactory bulb.
B. located on dendrites of mitral and tu ed cells.
C. located on neurons that project directly to the olfactory cortex.
D. located on neurons in the olfactory epithelium that project to mitral cells and from there directly to the olfactory cortex.
E. located on sustentacular cells that project to the olfactory bulb.
D. located on neurons in the olfactory epithelium that project to mitral cells and from there directly to the olfactory cortex.
A 37-year-old female was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. One of the potential consequences of this disorder is diminished taste sensitivity. Taste receptors
A. for sweet, sour, bitter, salt, and umami are spatially separated on the surface of the tongue.
B. are synonymous with taste buds.
C. are a type of chemoreceptor.
D. are innervated by afferents in the facial, trigeminal, and glossopharyngeal nerves.
E. All of the above.
C. are a type of chemoreceptor.
Which of the following does NOT increase the ability to discriminate many different odors?
A. Many different receptors
B. Pattern of olfactory receptors activated by a given odorant
C. Projection of different mitral cell axons to different parts of the brain
D. High β-arrestin content in olfactory neurons
E. Sniffing
D. High β-arrestin content in olfactory neurons
As a result of an automobile accident, a 10-year-old boy suffered damage to the brain including the periamygdaloid, piriform, and entorhinal cortices. Which of the following sensory deficits is he most likely to experience? A. Visual disturbance B. Hyperosmia C. Auditory problems D. Taste and odor abnormalities E. No major sensory defcits
D. Taste and odor abnormalities
Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. ENaC : Sour taste B. Gustducin : Bitter taste C. T1R3 family of GPCRs : Sweet taste D. Heschel sulcus : Smell E. Ebner glands : Taste acuity
D. Heschel sulcus : Smell
A 9-year-old boy had frequent episodes of uncontrollable nose bleeds. At the advice of his clinician, he underwent surgery to correct a problem in his nasal septum. A few days after the surgery, he told his mother he could not smell the cinnamon rolls she was baking in the oven. Which of the following is true about olfactory transmission?
A. An olfactory sensory neuron expresses a wide range of odorant receptors.
B. Lateral inhibition within the olfactory glomeruli reduces the ability to distinguish between di erent types of odorant receptors.
C. Conscious discrimination of odors is dependent on the pathway to the orbitofrontal cortex.
D. Olfaction is closely related to gustation because odorant and gustatory receptors use the same central pathways.
E. All of the above.
C. Conscious discrimination of odors is dependent on the pathway to the orbitofrontal cortex.
A 31-year-old female is a smoker who has had poor oral hygiene for most of her life. In the past few years she has noticed a reduced sensitivity to the flavors in various foods which she used to enjoy eating. Which of the following is NOT true about gustatory sensation?
A. The sensory nerve fibers from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue travel in the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.
B. The sensory nerve fibers from the taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue travel in the petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
C. The pathway from taste buds on the left side of the tongue is transmitted ipsilaterally to the cerebral cortex.
D. Sustentacular cells in the taste buds serve as stem cells to permit growth of new taste buds.
E. The pathway from taste receptors includes synapses in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the brainstem and ventral posterior medial nucleus in the thalamus.
D. Sustentacular cells in the taste buds serve as stem cells to permit growth of new taste buds.
A 20-year-old woman was diagnosed with Bell palsy (damage to facial nerve). Which of the following symptoms is she likely to exhibit? A. Loss of sense of taste B. Facial twitching C. Droopy eyelid D. Ipsilateral facial paralysis E. All of the above
E. All of the above
