Ch 7 Flashcards
motivation
The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of five needs-physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization-in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
two-factor theory
A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called motivation-hygiene theory.
hygiene factors
Factors-such as company policy and administration, supervision, and salary-that, when adequate in a job, placate workers. when these factors are adequate, poeple will not be dissatisfied.
Hierarchy of needs are:
Physiological, safety-security, social-belongingness, esteem, and self actualization.
Mcclelland’s theory of needs
A theory that states achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation.
need for achievement
The drive to excel, to achieve in relationship to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed.
need for power
The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise.
need for affiliation
The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.
self-determination theory
A theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation.
cognitive evaluation theory
A version of self-determination theory that holds that allocating extrinsic rewards for behavior that tends to decrease the overall level of motivation if the rewards are seen as controlling .
self-concordance
The degree to which people’s reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.
goal-setting theory
A theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance.
promotion focus
A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals through advancement and accomplishment.
prevention focus
A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals by fulfilling duties and obligations.
Management by objectives
A program that encompasses specific goals, participatively set, for and explicit time period, with feedback on goal progress.
self-efficacy theory
An individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
reinforcement theory
A theory that says that behavior is a function of its consequences.
behaviorism
A theory that argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.
social-learning theory
The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience.
equity theory
A theory that says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities.
organizational justice
An overall perception of what is fair in the workplace, composed of distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice.
distributive justice
Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.
procedural justice
The perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards.
