Ch 7 ... <3 Flashcards
Key factors of attractiveness
Appearance (fundamental effect)
Proximity
Attitude similarity
Mutual liking
Physical attractiveness stereotype
Tendency to assume attractive people possess socially desirable traits (halo effect)
Averageness effect
People prefer average faces to distinct ones
Perceptual fluency
Relative ease of mental operations
Sexual strategy
Buss & Schmitt, Evolutionary strategy to maximize chance of reproducing. Explains why males prefer young, healthy, attractive women, and women prefer status, maturity, resources. Also explains men’s propensity to engage in short term relationships.
Short or Long term Sexual Strategy chosen depends on:
Opportunity
Personal market value
Sex ratio
Cultural features
Matching phenomenom
People’s tendency to choose people similar in physical attractiveness
Compensatory factors
Make up for lack of looks in other areas
Asset matching
Seeking complementary assets allows people to exchange what they want in relationships
Proximity/ propinquity effect
Physical closeness facilitates attraction and relationship formation
Anticipation effect
Anticipation of interaction increases attractiveness
Excitation transfer
Any physiologically arousing stimuli may be transferred to feeling of attraction
Need to affiliate
Motive to seek and maintain relationships with others
Affect
Emotional state, consists of feelings and moods
Attitude similarity
Increased attractiveness when similar attitudes, values , and interests
Self-disclosure
Willingness to share info about oneself and one’s feelings
Complementarity
Idea that people seek out traits in relationships that complement their own
Reciprocity
Mutual liking increases attractiveness
Social exchange theory
Evaluation of a relationship depends on perception of:
- Rewards
- Costs
- Relationship they deserve and likelihood of a better one
Comparison level
People’s expectations about the costs and rewards based on previous relationships
Comparison level for alternatives: Comparison to different relationship
Equity theory
Theory that people are most satisfied in relationship that is most equitable
Norm of reciprocity
Norm of give and take
Reinforcement affect model/ liking by association/ reward theory of attraction
Byrne & Clore, Model of attraction that posits we like people who are present when we experience positive feelings
Love
Group of emotions, behaviours and cognitions experienced in intimate relationships
Passionate love
Characterized by intense emotional and physical feelings
Companionate love
Characterized by deep caring and affection, commonly follows compassionate love in long term relationships
Sternberg Triangular theory
Love is a combination of passion, intimacy and commitment that results in different forms of love (p. 328)
Arranged marriage effect
Love marriage start happier but result in decline of love. Arranged marriage love increases over years
John Lee 6 styles of love
- Eros: Passionate
- Ludus: Game-playing
- Storge: Friendship
- Mania: Possessive
- Agape: Selfless
- Pragma: Logical
Who falls in love quicker
Men
Attachment behaviours
The behaviours an infant will display to close to primary caregiver
Attachment styles
Expectations people develop about their relationships, based on past relationships
Strange situation
Ainsworth, procedure designed to measure attachment style in infant
Secure attachment
Trust, less concern about being alone, feel worthy and liked
Avoidant
Low trust, avoidance
Anxious/ ambivalent
(Resistant) Clinging, hostile, anxiety that feelings not reciprocated
Disorganized
Rapid cycling of behaviours, unusual behaviours (freezing, self-harm, anger), may be early indicator of pathology, response to abuse/ neglect
Commitment
Wish or intention to stay in relationship
Partner regulation
Actively attempting to change one’s partner to fit own ideal
Reason for relationship breakdown
Falling out of love
Affair
Business problems
Unreasonable behaviour
Relationships tend to last if:
Parents had stable relationship (modeling?)
Similar SES and background of partners
Similar attitudes towards love, disclosure, investment, commitment and relationship satisfaction
Time spent together maintained
Process of detachment
- Thinking about it
- Discussion, negotiation, reconciliation
- Acknowledgement of end
- Separation, functional and social division
Triangular Theory Equations
INTIMACY Romantic love= intimacy + passion PASSION Fatuous love= passion + commitment COMMITMENT Companionate love= intimacy + commitment
CONSUMMATE LOVE= intimacy + passion+ committment
