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Medical Terminology > Ch # 6 : Orthopedics > Flashcards

Ch # 6 : Orthopedics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

7 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2

A
  • ac
  • al
  • ar
  • ary
  • eal
  • ic
  • ous
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2
Q

2 Suffixes meaning pain

A
  • algia

- dynia

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3
Q

Suffix meaning weakness

A

Asthenia

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4
Q

Suffix meaning 2 puncture 2 w/draw fluid

A

-centesis

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5
Q

2 Suffixes meaning surgical breaking

A
  • clasia

- clasis

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6
Q

Suffix meaning cell

A

-cyte

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7
Q

Suffix meaning surgical fixation

A

-desis

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8
Q

Suffix meaning surgical removal

A

-ectomy

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9
Q

Suffix meaning producing

A

-genic

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10
Q

Suffix meaning record

A

-gram

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11
Q

Suffix meaning process of recording

A

-graphy

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12
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

A

-itis

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13
Q

Suffix meaning movement

A

-kinesia

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14
Q

Suffix meaning softening

A

-malacia

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15
Q

Suffix meaning process of measuring

A

-metry

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16
Q

Suffix meaning tumor

A

-oma

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17
Q

Suffix meaning abnormal condition

A

-osis

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18
Q

Suffix meaning cutting in2

A

-otomy

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19
Q

Suffix meaning diease

A

-patchy

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20
Q

Suffix meaning surgical repair

A

-plasty

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21
Q

Suffix meaning porous

A

-porosis

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22
Q

Suffix meaning suture

A

-rrhaphy

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23
Q

Suffix meaning rupture

A

-rrhexis

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24
Q

Suffix meaning instrument 4 viewing

A

-scope

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25
Q

Suffix meaning process of visually examining

A

-scopy

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26
Q

Suffix meaning instrument 2 cut

A

-tome

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27
Q

Suffix meaning development

A

-trophy

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28
Q

Prefix meaning w/out

A

A-

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29
Q

Prefix meaning slow

A

Brady-

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30
Q

Prefix meaning difficult or painful

A

Dys-

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31
Q

Prefix meaning between

A

-inter

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32
Q

Prefix meaning w/in

A

Intra-

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33
Q

Prefix meaning excessive

A

Hyper-

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34
Q

Prefix meaning through

A

Per-

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35
Q

Prefix meaning under

A

Sub-

36
Q

Prefix meaning above

A

Supra-

37
Q

Combining form meaning joint

Is where 2 or more bones meet

Aka: articulation

Synovial joints: most joints in the body and r freely moving

A

Arthr/o

38
Q

Combining form meaning bursa

A fluid-filled sac found between the tendon and bone 2 reduce friction

A

Burs/o

39
Q

Combining form meaning cartilage

Tough, flexible connective tissue that covers the end of the bones in joints

Serves as a shock absorber

A

Chondr/o

40
Q

Combining form meaning skull

A

Crani/o

41
Q

2 Combining forms meaning muscle

They produce movement in the body

3 types: skeletal, smooth and cardiac

A

Muscul/o

My/o

42
Q

Combining form meaning red bone marrow

Tissue found inside of bones that produce blood cells

A

Myel/o

43
Q

Combining form meaning bone

Hard calcified connective tissue

Supports and moves the body while providing vital protection 2 underlying organs

Houses red bone marrow and important minerals

A

Oste/o

44
Q

Combining form meaning vertebra

A

Spondyl/o

45
Q

2 Combining forms meaning tendon

Strong bands of connective tissue that anchor muscles 2 bone

A

Ten/o

Tendin/o

46
Q

Surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone 2 replace lost bone or 2 fuse 2 bones 2gether

A

Bone graft

47
Q

Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye 2 visualize bones

Useful 4 finding stress fractures and bone cancer

A

Bone scan

48
Q

Repetitive motion disorder caused by the pressure on the tendons and nerves as they pass through the carpal tunnel area on the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

CTS

49
Q

2 names 4 a broken bone w/no open skin wound

A

Closed fracture

Simple fracture

50
Q

A bone break where the bone shatters in2 many small fragments

A

Comminuted fracture

51
Q

A bone break that causes a loss of height of the veritable body

May result from trauma or may occur in a bone weakened by Osteoporosis

A

Compression fracture

52
Q

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons or connective tissue making it difficult 2 stretch muscle

A

Contracture

53
Q

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Elevated levels r associated w/heart attack, muscular dystrophy and other skeletal muscle pathologies

A

Creatine kinase

CK

54
Q

Involuntary muscle contraction in response 2 striking a muscle tendon w/a reflex hammer

This test is used 2 determine whether muscles respond properly

A

Deep tendon reflexes

DTR

55
Q

Occurs when the bones in a joint r displaced from normal alignment and the ends of the bones r no longer in contact w/each other

A

Dislocation

56
Q

A test using low-dose x-ray beams 2 measure bone density

Used 2 diagnosis osteoporosis

A

Duel-energy absorptiometry

DXA

57
Q

Chronic condition w/widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

A

Fibromalgia Symdrome

58
Q

Procedure 2 stabilize fractured bone while it heals

2 types: external - includes casts, splints and pins inserted through
the skin
internal - includes pins, plates, rods, screws and wires
that r put in2 place during a surgical procedure
called open reduction

A

Fixation

59
Q

Broken bone

A

Fracture

FX or Fx

60
Q

A fracture w/an incomplete break

1 side of the bone breaks while the other side only bends

Commonly seen in children

A

Greenstick fracture

61
Q

3 names 4 a protrusion of an intervertebral disk between 2 vertebrae which puts pressure on the spinal nerves

May require surgery

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

Herniated disk

Ruptured disk

62
Q

A fracture in which 1 bone fragment is pushed in2 another

A

Impacted fracture

63
Q

3 names 4 an abnormal increase in the normal outward curvature of the thoracic spine

A

Kyphosis

Hunchback

Humpback

64
Q

2 names 4 an abnormal increase in the normal 4ward curvature of the lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

Swayback

65
Q

2 names 4 a loss of muscle bulk due 2 muscle disease, nervous system disease or lack of use

A

Muscle atrophy

Muscle wasting

66
Q

1 of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness and atrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy

MD

67
Q

A large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits 4 conditions like arthritis

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSAIDs

68
Q

A bone break in which the break line runs along an angle 2 shaft of the bone

A

Oblique fracture

69
Q

Externally applied brace or splint used 2 prevent or correct defominites

A

Orthosis

70
Q

Arthritis caused by the loss of the cartilage cushion that covers bones in a joint and results w/bone rubbing against bone

Most common in weight bearing joints

A

Osteoarthritis

OA

71
Q

The most common type of bone cancer

Usually begins in osteocytes found at the ends of bones

Frequently occurs in ages 10 - 25 years old

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

72
Q

A broken bone caused by a diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

A

Pathologic fracture

73
Q

The use of a thin catheter tube inserted in2 an invertible disk through the skin 2 suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disks

Or laser is used 2 vaporize disk

A

Percutaneous diskectomy

74
Q

Any artificial device used as a substitute 4 a body part that is either missing from birth or lost as a result of an accident or disease

A

Prosthesis

75
Q

Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays 2 c the internal structure of the body

Useful 4 visualizing bones and joints

A

Radiography

76
Q

2 correct a fracture or dislocation by realigning the bone

2 types: closed - moves bones externally
open - manipulating bones through a surgical incision

A

Reduction

77
Q

A group of chronic disorders w/tendon, muscle, joint and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration or repetitive movements

A

Repetitive motion disorder

78
Q

Arthritis w/swelling, stiffness, pain and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation

May result in crippling deformities

An autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

RA

79
Q

Abnormal laterial curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

80
Q

Sudden involuntary muscle contraction

A

Spasm

81
Q

A birth defect that occurs when the vertebra fails 2 fully form around the spinal cord

Ranges from mild 2 severe

If the spinal cord is damaged paralysis results

A

Spina bifida

82
Q

A bone break in which a fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone

Caused by a twisting injury

Slower 2 heal

A

Spiral fracture

83
Q

A ligament injury from over stretching but w/out joint dislocation or bone fracture

A

Sprain

84
Q

A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces

Ex: running

A

Stress fracture

85
Q

2 names 4 a surgical reconstruction of the hip w/an artificial hip joint

A

Total hip arthroplasty
(THA)

Total hip replacement
(THR)

86
Q

Surgical reconstruction of the knee joint w/an artificial knee joint

A

Total knee arthroplasty
(TKA)

Total knee replacement
(TKR)

87
Q

A bone break w/the fracture line is straight across the shaft of the bone

A

Transverse fracture

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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