CH # 12: Urology & Nephrology Flashcards
1
Q
Is responsible 4: removing waste products
adjusting water and electrolytes levels in
the body
Maintaining normal pH
This process involves the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and the urethra
A
Urinary system
2
Q
Term used 2 refer 2 both urinary and male reproductive systems
A
Genitourinary system
3
Q
Includes: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vessels, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, urethra and penis
A
Male reproductive system
4
Q
6 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2
A
- al -eal
- ar -ic
- ary -ous
5
Q
Suffix meaning pain
A
-algia
6
Q
Suffix meaning hernia or protrusion
A
-cele
7
Q
Suffix meaning cell
A
-cyte
8
Q
Suffix meaning surgical removal
A
-ectomy
9
Q
Suffix meaning blood condition
A
-emia
10
Q
Suffix meaning produces or generates
A
-genesis
11
Q
Suffix meaning record or picture
A
-gram
12
Q
Suffix meaning process of recording
A
-graphy
13
Q
Suffix meaning state
A
-ia
14
Q
2 Suffixes meaning abnormal condition
A
- iasis
- osis
15
Q
Suffix meaning state of or condition
A
-ism
16
Q
Suffix meaning inflammation
A
-itis
17
Q
Suffix meaning stone
A
-lith
18
Q
Suffix meaning 1 who studies
A
-logist
19
Q
Suffix meaning study of
A
-logy
20
Q
Suffix meaning destruction
A
-lysis
21
Q
Suffix meaning enlargement or large
A
-megaly
22
Q
Suffix meaning instrument 4 measuring
A
-meter
23
Q
Suffix meaning tumor or mass
A
-oma
24
Q
Suffix meaning 2 surgically create an opening
A
-ostomy
25
Suffix meaning cutting in2
-otomy
26
Suffix meaning disease
-pathy
27
Suffix meaning surgical fixation
-pexy
28
Suffix meaning surgical repair
-plasty
29
Suffix meaning drooping
-ptosis
30
Suffix meaning suture
-rrhaphy
31
Suffix meaning discharge or flow
-rrhea
32
Suffix meaning a hardened condition
-sclerosis
33
Suffix meaning an instrument 4 viewing
-scope
34
Suffix meaning the process of visually examining
-scopy
35
Suffix meaning narrowing
-stenosis
36
Suffix meaning crushing
-tripsy
37
Suffix meaning development
-trophy
38
Suffix meaning urine condition
-uria
39
2 Prefixes meaning w/out
A-
An-
40
Prefix meaning abnormal
Dys-
41
Prefix meaning outside of
Extra-
42
Prefix meaning excessive
Hyper-
43
Prefix meaning w/in
Intra-
44
Prefix meaning many
Poly-
45
Prefix meaning across
Trans-
46
Combining form meaning glans penis
The enlarged tip of the penis
Is covered by the prepuce or foreskin (at birth at least)
Balan/o
47
Combining form meaning urinary bladder
A muscle arrogance that stores the urine produced by the kidneys
Urine drains from the bladder from the ureters and exits bladder through the urethra
Cyst/o
48
Combining form meaning epididymis
Sits on the surface of both testis
Stores sperm as they r made by the testes
Epididym/o
49
Combining form meaning stone
Can form in many parts of the body
Usually formed from organic or inorganic salts
Lith/o
50
2 Combining forms meaning kidney
Located at either side of the spine at the level of the lower ribs
Each consists of thousands of nephrons
Nephr/o
Ren/o
51
A portion of the nephrons w/in the kidney that filters waste products and electrolytes out of the blood 2 produce urine
Urine drains out of the kidney and in2 the ureter and on 2 the urinary bladder 4 storage
Glomerulus
52
3 Combining forms meaning testes
The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testerone
The 2 testes r suspended outside of the body in the scrotum
As sperm r produced, they travel 2 the epididymis 4 storage
Orchid/o
Orchi/o
Orch/o
53
Combining form meaning prostate gland
1 of the male reproductive glands found surrounding the urethra at the base of the bladder
Secretes milky fluid that makes up most of the liquid of the semen and nourishes them
Prostat/o
54
Combining form meaning renal pelvis
An area inside of each kidney where the urine collects as it is being made
Each renal pelvis drains in2 1 of the ureters
Pyel/o
55
Combining form meaning semen
The fluid ejaculated from the penis during intercourse
Contains sperm and fluids secreted by the reproductive glands
Fluid is made from secretions from the prostate gland, seminal vessels and the bulbourethreal gland
Semin/o
56
2 Combining forms meaning sperm
The male reproductive cells
Produced in the testes and r ejaculated from the body in semen
Contains 1/2 of the chromosomes need 4 reproduction
Combines w/ova's 1/2 of the chromosomes 2 create a fetus
Spermat/o
Sperm/o
57
Combining form meaning testicle
Testicul/o
58
Combining form meaning ureter
A tube leading away from the renal pelvis of each kidney
Carries urine from the kidneys 2 the urinary bladder
Ureter/o
59
Combining form meaning urethra
Leads out of the bladder and carries the urine 2 outside of the body
External opening is called the meatus
Urethr/o
60
2 Combining forms meaning urine
The fluid produced by the nephrons of each kidney as they filtered wastes, water and dissolved substances from blood
Urin/o
Ur/o
61
Combining form meaning vas deferens
A long tube that carries sperm from epididymis 2 the urethra
Reproductive glands r connected 2 the vas deferens and adds fluid 2 sperm as they pass by, making semen
Vas/o
62
Combining form meaning seminal vesicles
The male reproductive glands found behind the bladder
It adds fluid 2 sperm as the pass in vas deferens
Vesicul/o
63
The noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland
The condition places pressure on the urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency, nocturia
Common for males who r 50+ years old
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
| BPH
64
Blood test 2 determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood
Blood urea nitrogen
| BUN
65
Term 4 the "stone formed w/in the organ"
Most r formed from mineral salts
Commonly found in kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder or urethra
Calculus
| Pleural is calculi
66
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease
Causes the inflammation of the urethra of males and the cervix of females w/purulent discharge
Chlamydia
67
The surgical removal of the prepuce/foreskin from the glans penis
Commonly preformed on males at birth by request of the parents
Primary reason is 4 ease of hygiene and is also a practice done in some religions
Circumcision
68
A procedure for obtaining a urine sample after cleaning off the urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream in order 2 minimize contamination from skin
Clean catch specimen
| CCS
69
The direct examination 4 the presence of an enlarged prostate gland by palpating the prostate gland w/fingers through the wall of the rectum
Digital rectal exam
| DRE
70
2 names 4 the inability 2 achieve an erection of penis 4 coitus
```
Erectile dysfunction
(ED)
```
Impotence
71
Treatment procedure for urinary system stones
Utilizes ultrasound waves 2 break up stones
Process is noninvasive so it does not require surgery
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
| ESWL
72
A condition of feeling the urge 2 urinate more than normal but w/out in increase in daily total volume of urine
Can indicate inflammation of the bladder, urethra or a benign prostatic hypertrophy
Frequency
73
Highly infectious viral sexually transmitted disease
Causes blister like lesions on the penis of males or the vagina or cervix of females
Genital herpes
74
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease
Infects the mucus membranes and can spread through the genitourinary system
Often does not cause many symptoms until its widespread
Gonorrhea
75
Treatment 4 renal failure using an artificial kidney machine 2 filter the waste from blood
Hemodialysis
| HD
76
The state of having difficultly initiating the flow of urine
Caused by a blockage in the urethra
Hesitancy
77
The accumulation of fluid w/in the scrotum
Hydrocele
78
An x-ray of the kidney following an injection of dye in2 the vein 2 visualize the renal pelvis as the kidneys filter dye out of the blood stream and put it in2 urine
Intravenous pyelogram
| IVP
79
An artificial means 2 remove wastes substances from the body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions in2 the peritoneal cavity
Treatment 4 renal failure
Peritoneal dialysis
80
The narrowing of the prepuce/foreskin over the glans penis
It can cause difficulty w/urination and infection
Treatment is circumsion
Phimosis
81
An inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout the kidney tissues
Eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure
Polycystic kidney disease
| PKD
82
A blood test 2 screen 4 prostate cancer
Prostate-specific antigen
| PSA
83
A common and slow growing cancer of the prostate gland occurring in males 50+ years
Is a test used 2 assist in easily detection of this disease
Prostate cancer
84
The inability of the kidneys 2 filter wastes from the blood and/or produce urine
Treatment is dialysis or organ transplant
Renal failure
85
The replacement of a diseased kidney by a donor kidney
Renal transplant
86
An x-ray of the, urinary bladder, urethers and renal pelvis following the insertion of dye through the urethra
Retrograde pyelogram
| RP
87
Evaluation of sperm for fertility
The sperm in the sample r analyzed number, swimming strength and shape
This procedure would be used 2 determine if a vasectomy was successful
Semen analysis
88
2 names 4 a contagious disease acquired through sexual contact
Sexually transmitted disease
(STD)
Venereal disease
(VD)
89
2 names 4 the inability 2 produce children
In males, problem is usually w/sperm production
Sterility
Infertility
90
A bacterial sexually transmitted disease
It begins at a localized ulcer at the point of infection
A chronic disease that spreads all through lymph nodes in2 the nervous system after years then causing death
Syphilis
91
Cancer of 1 or both testicles
Commonly seen in young men or boys
Testicular cancer
92
Surgical removal of the prostate gland tissue by inserting a device called resectoscope through the urethra and removing prostate tissue
Transurethral resection
| TUR
93
Protozoan sexually transmitted disease
Causes inflammation of the genitourinary system system in both men and women
Trichomoniasis
94
2 names 4 a congenial anomaly involving failure of 1 or both testes 2 descend in2 the scrotal sac b4 birth
A surgical procedure called orchiopexy can be required 2 bring testes down in2 the scrotum permentaly
Undescended testicle
Cryptochism
95
The force or impulse of needing 2 urinate immediately
Urgency
96
A laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine
Urinalysis
| U/A, UA
97
Insertion of a flexible tube in2 the urinary bladder through the urethra
Used 2 w/draw urine or insert dye
Urinary catheraterization
| Cath
98
2 names 4 involuntary urination
Urinary incontinence
Enuresis
99
Infection of the urethra and/or the urinary bladder
Urinary tract infection
100
A diagnostic lab procedure that identifies the bacterial infection of the urinary system and determines the best antibiotic 2 treat it
It involves growing bacteria in a culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it
Urine culture and sensitivity
| C and S
101
The development of varicose veins leading 2 the testes in the scrotum
Varicocele
102
An x-ray made while the patient voids dye that has been placed in the urinary bladder through the urethra
Voiding cystourethrography
| VCUG
