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Medical Terminology > CH # 12: Urology & Nephrology > Flashcards

CH # 12: Urology & Nephrology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Is responsible 4: removing waste products
adjusting water and electrolytes levels in
the body
Maintaining normal pH

This process involves the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and the urethra

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

Term used 2 refer 2 both urinary and male reproductive systems

A

Genitourinary system

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3
Q

Includes: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vessels, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, urethra and penis

A

Male reproductive system

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4
Q

6 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2

A
  • al -eal
  • ar -ic
  • ary -ous
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5
Q

Suffix meaning pain

A

-algia

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6
Q

Suffix meaning hernia or protrusion

A

-cele

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7
Q

Suffix meaning cell

A

-cyte

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8
Q

Suffix meaning surgical removal

A

-ectomy

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9
Q

Suffix meaning blood condition

A

-emia

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10
Q

Suffix meaning produces or generates

A

-genesis

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11
Q

Suffix meaning record or picture

A

-gram

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12
Q

Suffix meaning process of recording

A

-graphy

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13
Q

Suffix meaning state

A

-ia

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14
Q

2 Suffixes meaning abnormal condition

A
  • iasis

- osis

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15
Q

Suffix meaning state of or condition

A

-ism

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16
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

A

-itis

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17
Q

Suffix meaning stone

A

-lith

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18
Q

Suffix meaning 1 who studies

A

-logist

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19
Q

Suffix meaning study of

A

-logy

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20
Q

Suffix meaning destruction

A

-lysis

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21
Q

Suffix meaning enlargement or large

A

-megaly

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22
Q

Suffix meaning instrument 4 measuring

A

-meter

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23
Q

Suffix meaning tumor or mass

A

-oma

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24
Q

Suffix meaning 2 surgically create an opening

A

-ostomy

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25
Q

Suffix meaning cutting in2

A

-otomy

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26
Q

Suffix meaning disease

A

-pathy

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27
Q

Suffix meaning surgical fixation

A

-pexy

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28
Q

Suffix meaning surgical repair

A

-plasty

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29
Q

Suffix meaning drooping

A

-ptosis

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30
Q

Suffix meaning suture

A

-rrhaphy

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31
Q

Suffix meaning discharge or flow

A

-rrhea

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32
Q

Suffix meaning a hardened condition

A

-sclerosis

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33
Q

Suffix meaning an instrument 4 viewing

A

-scope

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34
Q

Suffix meaning the process of visually examining

A

-scopy

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35
Q

Suffix meaning narrowing

A

-stenosis

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36
Q

Suffix meaning crushing

A

-tripsy

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37
Q

Suffix meaning development

A

-trophy

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38
Q

Suffix meaning urine condition

A

-uria

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39
Q

2 Prefixes meaning w/out

A

A-

An-

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40
Q

Prefix meaning abnormal

A

Dys-

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41
Q

Prefix meaning outside of

A

Extra-

42
Q

Prefix meaning excessive

A

Hyper-

43
Q

Prefix meaning w/in

A

Intra-

44
Q

Prefix meaning many

A

Poly-

45
Q

Prefix meaning across

A

Trans-

46
Q

Combining form meaning glans penis

The enlarged tip of the penis

Is covered by the prepuce or foreskin (at birth at least)

A

Balan/o

47
Q

Combining form meaning urinary bladder

A muscle arrogance that stores the urine produced by the kidneys

Urine drains from the bladder from the ureters and exits bladder through the urethra

A

Cyst/o

48
Q

Combining form meaning epididymis

Sits on the surface of both testis

Stores sperm as they r made by the testes

A

Epididym/o

49
Q

Combining form meaning stone

Can form in many parts of the body

Usually formed from organic or inorganic salts

A

Lith/o

50
Q

2 Combining forms meaning kidney

Located at either side of the spine at the level of the lower ribs

Each consists of thousands of nephrons

A

Nephr/o

Ren/o

51
Q

A portion of the nephrons w/in the kidney that filters waste products and electrolytes out of the blood 2 produce urine

Urine drains out of the kidney and in2 the ureter and on 2 the urinary bladder 4 storage

A

Glomerulus

52
Q

3 Combining forms meaning testes

The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testerone

The 2 testes r suspended outside of the body in the scrotum

As sperm r produced, they travel 2 the epididymis 4 storage

A

Orchid/o

Orchi/o

Orch/o

53
Q

Combining form meaning prostate gland

1 of the male reproductive glands found surrounding the urethra at the base of the bladder

Secretes milky fluid that makes up most of the liquid of the semen and nourishes them

A

Prostat/o

54
Q

Combining form meaning renal pelvis

An area inside of each kidney where the urine collects as it is being made

Each renal pelvis drains in2 1 of the ureters

A

Pyel/o

55
Q

Combining form meaning semen

The fluid ejaculated from the penis during intercourse

Contains sperm and fluids secreted by the reproductive glands

Fluid is made from secretions from the prostate gland, seminal vessels and the bulbourethreal gland

A

Semin/o

56
Q

2 Combining forms meaning sperm

The male reproductive cells

Produced in the testes and r ejaculated from the body in semen

Contains 1/2 of the chromosomes need 4 reproduction

Combines w/ova’s 1/2 of the chromosomes 2 create a fetus

A

Spermat/o

Sperm/o

57
Q

Combining form meaning testicle

A

Testicul/o

58
Q

Combining form meaning ureter

A tube leading away from the renal pelvis of each kidney

Carries urine from the kidneys 2 the urinary bladder

A

Ureter/o

59
Q

Combining form meaning urethra

Leads out of the bladder and carries the urine 2 outside of the body

External opening is called the meatus

A

Urethr/o

60
Q

2 Combining forms meaning urine

The fluid produced by the nephrons of each kidney as they filtered wastes, water and dissolved substances from blood

A

Urin/o

Ur/o

61
Q

Combining form meaning vas deferens

A long tube that carries sperm from epididymis 2 the urethra

Reproductive glands r connected 2 the vas deferens and adds fluid 2 sperm as they pass by, making semen

A

Vas/o

62
Q

Combining form meaning seminal vesicles

The male reproductive glands found behind the bladder

It adds fluid 2 sperm as the pass in vas deferens

A

Vesicul/o

63
Q

The noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

The condition places pressure on the urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency, nocturia

Common for males who r 50+ years old

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

BPH

64
Q

Blood test 2 determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood

A

Blood urea nitrogen

BUN

65
Q

Term 4 the “stone formed w/in the organ”

Most r formed from mineral salts

Commonly found in kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder or urethra

A

Calculus

Pleural is calculi

66
Q

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease

Causes the inflammation of the urethra of males and the cervix of females w/purulent discharge

A

Chlamydia

67
Q

The surgical removal of the prepuce/foreskin from the glans penis

Commonly preformed on males at birth by request of the parents

Primary reason is 4 ease of hygiene and is also a practice done in some religions

A

Circumcision

68
Q

A procedure for obtaining a urine sample after cleaning off the urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream in order 2 minimize contamination from skin

A

Clean catch specimen

CCS

69
Q

The direct examination 4 the presence of an enlarged prostate gland by palpating the prostate gland w/fingers through the wall of the rectum

A

Digital rectal exam

DRE

70
Q

2 names 4 the inability 2 achieve an erection of penis 4 coitus

A 
Erectile dysfunction
(ED)

Impotence

71
Q

Treatment procedure for urinary system stones

Utilizes ultrasound waves 2 break up stones

Process is noninvasive so it does not require surgery

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

ESWL

72
Q

A condition of feeling the urge 2 urinate more than normal but w/out in increase in daily total volume of urine

Can indicate inflammation of the bladder, urethra or a benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

Frequency

73
Q

Highly infectious viral sexually transmitted disease

Causes blister like lesions on the penis of males or the vagina or cervix of females

A

Genital herpes

74
Q

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease

Infects the mucus membranes and can spread through the genitourinary system

Often does not cause many symptoms until its widespread

A

Gonorrhea

75
Q

Treatment 4 renal failure using an artificial kidney machine 2 filter the waste from blood

A

Hemodialysis

HD

76
Q

The state of having difficultly initiating the flow of urine

Caused by a blockage in the urethra

A

Hesitancy

77
Q

The accumulation of fluid w/in the scrotum

A

Hydrocele

78
Q

An x-ray of the kidney following an injection of dye in2 the vein 2 visualize the renal pelvis as the kidneys filter dye out of the blood stream and put it in2 urine

A

Intravenous pyelogram

IVP

79
Q

An artificial means 2 remove wastes substances from the body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions in2 the peritoneal cavity

Treatment 4 renal failure

A

Peritoneal dialysis

80
Q

The narrowing of the prepuce/foreskin over the glans penis

It can cause difficulty w/urination and infection

Treatment is circumsion

A

Phimosis

81
Q

An inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout the kidney tissues

Eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure

A

Polycystic kidney disease

PKD

82
Q

A blood test 2 screen 4 prostate cancer

A

Prostate-specific antigen

PSA

83
Q

A common and slow growing cancer of the prostate gland occurring in males 50+ years

Is a test used 2 assist in easily detection of this disease

A

Prostate cancer

84
Q

The inability of the kidneys 2 filter wastes from the blood and/or produce urine

Treatment is dialysis or organ transplant

A

Renal failure

85
Q

The replacement of a diseased kidney by a donor kidney

A

Renal transplant

86
Q

An x-ray of the, urinary bladder, urethers and renal pelvis following the insertion of dye through the urethra

A

Retrograde pyelogram

RP

87
Q

Evaluation of sperm for fertility

The sperm in the sample r analyzed number, swimming strength and shape

This procedure would be used 2 determine if a vasectomy was successful

A

Semen analysis

88
Q

2 names 4 a contagious disease acquired through sexual contact

A

Sexually transmitted disease
(STD)

Venereal disease
(VD)

89
Q

2 names 4 the inability 2 produce children

In males, problem is usually w/sperm production

A

Sterility

Infertility

90
Q

A bacterial sexually transmitted disease

It begins at a localized ulcer at the point of infection

A chronic disease that spreads all through lymph nodes in2 the nervous system after years then causing death

A

Syphilis

91
Q

Cancer of 1 or both testicles

Commonly seen in young men or boys

A

Testicular cancer

92
Q

Surgical removal of the prostate gland tissue by inserting a device called resectoscope through the urethra and removing prostate tissue

A

Transurethral resection

TUR

93
Q

Protozoan sexually transmitted disease

Causes inflammation of the genitourinary system system in both men and women

A

Trichomoniasis

94
Q

2 names 4 a congenial anomaly involving failure of 1 or both testes 2 descend in2 the scrotal sac b4 birth

A surgical procedure called orchiopexy can be required 2 bring testes down in2 the scrotum permentaly

A

Undescended testicle

Cryptochism

95
Q

The force or impulse of needing 2 urinate immediately

A

Urgency

96
Q

A laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine

A

Urinalysis

U/A, UA

97
Q

Insertion of a flexible tube in2 the urinary bladder through the urethra

Used 2 w/draw urine or insert dye

A

Urinary catheraterization

Cath

98
Q

2 names 4 involuntary urination

A

Urinary incontinence

Enuresis

99
Q

Infection of the urethra and/or the urinary bladder

A

Urinary tract infection

100
Q

A diagnostic lab procedure that identifies the bacterial infection of the urinary system and determines the best antibiotic 2 treat it

It involves growing bacteria in a culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it

A

Urine culture and sensitivity

C and S

101
Q

The development of varicose veins leading 2 the testes in the scrotum

A

Varicocele

102
Q

An x-ray made while the patient voids dye that has been placed in the urinary bladder through the urethra

A

Voiding cystourethrography

VCUG

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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