Ch # 15: Endocrinology Flashcards
1
Q
Maintains homostasis
Includes: 2 adrenal glands, 2 ovaries/testes, 4 parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the pineal gland, the pitutary gland, thymus gland & the thyroid gland
A
Endocrine system
2
Q
Stable internal body environment
A
Homostasis
3
Q
chemical messengers
A
Horomones
4
Q
4 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2
A
- al
- an
- ar
- ic
5
Q
Suffix meaning puncture 2 w/draw fluid
A
-centesis
6
Q
Suffix meaning cell
A
-cyte
7
Q
Suffix meaning thirst
A
-dipsia
8
Q
Suffix meaning surgical removal
A
-ectomy
9
Q
Suffix meaning swelling
A
-edema
10
Q
Suffix meaning blood condition
A
-emia
11
Q
Suffix meaning state of or condition
A
-ism
12
Q
Suffix meaning inflammation
A
-itis
13
Q
Suffix meaning 1 who studies
A
-logist
14
Q
Suffix meaning study of
A
-logy
15
Q
Suffix meaning softening
A
-malacia
16
Q
Suffix meaning enlarged
A
-megaly
17
Q
Suffix meaning resembling
A
-old
18
Q
Suffix meaning tumor
A
-oma
19
Q
Suffix meaning abnormal condition
A
-osis
20
Q
Suffix meaning cutting in2
A
-otomy
21
Q
Suffix meaning disease
A
-pathy
22
Q
Suffix meaning surgical fixation
A
-pexy
23
Q
Suffix meaning surgical repair
A
-plasty
24
Q
Suffix meaning rupture
A
-rrhexis
25
Suffix meaning urine condition
-uria
26
Prefix meaning w/in
Endo-
27
Prefix meaning outward
Ex-
28
Prefix meaning excessive
Hyper-
29
Prefix meaning insufficient
Hypo-
30
Prefix meaning many or much
-poly
31
Combining form meaning gland
A group of cells that work 2gether 2 produce and secrete substances like hormones
Aden/o
32
2 Combining forms meaning adreanal gland
2 adreanal glands sit on top of each kidney
2 sections: outer- adrenal cortex; secretes aldosterone,cortisol,
estrogen/testosterone
Inner- adrenal medulla; secretes epinephrine/
adrenaline
Adren/o
Adrenal/o
33
Combining form meaning 2 secrete
Refers 2 glands releasing substances like horomones
Crin/o
34
2 Combining forms meaning sugar but referring 2 glucose
Glucose is the primary sugar used by the body 4 energy production
Glyc/o
Glycos/os
35
Combining form meaning ovary
Pair of almond-shaped organs in the female pelvic cavity
Releases ova 4 reproduction & estrogen 2 regulate menstrual cycle
Oophor/o
Ovari/o
36
2 Combining forms meaning testes
Pair of oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum
Releases sperm 4 reproduction & testosterone
Orchi/o
Testicul/o
37
Combining form meaning pancreas
Located in the abdominal cavity along the lower curvature of the stomach
Secretes insulin & glucagon 2 regulate blood sugar levels
Insulin: raises blood sugar
Glucagon: lowers blood sugar
Pancreat/o
38
Combining form meaning parathyroid gland
4 small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Secretes parathyroid hormone 2 raise levels of calcium in blood
Parathyroid/o
39
Combining form meaning pineal gland
Small pine coned-shaped gland in the thymus region of the brain
Secreates melatonin which regulates circadian rhythm
Pineal/o
40
Combining form meaning pituitary gland
Small marble-shaped gland that hangs down from the underside of the brain
"Master Gland" because it regulates other endocrine glands
Divided in2: Anterior lobe: secretes growth hormone, thyroid-
stimulating hormone, prolactin,
adrenocorticotropin hormone ect...
Posterior lobe: antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin
Pituitar/o
41
Combining form meaning thymus gland
Located in the mediastinum of the chest, behind the sternum & above the heart
Secretes: thymosin- important 4 immune system develpoment
Thym/o
42
2 Combining forms meaning thyroid gland
Located in the neck w/2 lobes on either side of the trachea
Secretes: thyroxine & triiodothyronine- both regulate metabolism
Calcitonin- 2 lower blood calcium levels
Thyr/o
Thyroid/o
43
A chronic condition developing in adults w/excessive growth hormone
Results in elongation or enlargement of the bones of the head or extremites
Acromegaly
44
The development of secondary sexual characteristics in a male as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex
Adrenal feminization
45
The development of secondary sexual characteristics in a female as a result of increased androgen secreation by the adrenal cortex
Adrenal virilism
46
A blood 2 measure the level of substances in the bloodstream
Used 2 study function of the endocrine glands
Blood serum test
47
Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that have strong anti-inflammatory action
Can be used 2 treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases
Corticosteroids
48
A congenial condition causing the lack of thyroid hormones
Results in poor physical and mental development
Creatinism
49
A condition resulting from hyperscretion of the adrenal cortex
Can b caused by an adrenal gland tumor
Symptoms include: weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration and osteoporosis
Crushing syndrome
50
A condition caused by an insufficient antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Symptoms include: polyuria and polydipsia
Diabetes insipidus
| DI
51
The chronic disorder of the sugar metabolism
Symptoms include: hyperglycemia and glycosuria
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2 types: insulin dependent (type 1)
noninsulin dependent (type 2)
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Diabetes mellitus
| DM
52
Being excessively short in height
Can result from the lack of growth hormone
Dwarfism
53
A condition in which the eyeballs protrude
Commonly caused by the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
Exophthalmos
54
A blood test that measures the amount of sugar in the bloodstream after a 12 hour fast
Fasting blood sugar
| FBS
55
The excessive growth of the body due 2 hyperscreation of the growth hormone in a child or teenager
Gigantism
56
Test for the initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
The patient is given a dose of glucose then blood samples r taken at regular intervals 2 determine the patients ability 2 use glucose properly
Glucose tolerance test
| GTT
57
The enlargement of the thyroid gland
Goiter
58
A condition resulting from the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
Symptoms include: exophthalmus and goiter
Graves disease
59
A chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis
Results in the hypersecreation of thyroid hormones
Hashimoto disease
60
The artificial replacement of hormones in patients w/hyposecretion disorders
Hormone replacement therepy
61
2 names 4 a type of diabetes that tends 2 develop early in life when the pancreas stops producing insulin
Can b an autoimmune disease
Patient must take insulin injections
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM)
Type 1 diabetes
62
a condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in an adult
symptoms include: anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness and mental sluggishness
Myxedema
63
2 names 4 a type of diabetes that typically develops late in life
The pancreas produces normal 2 high levels of insulin but cells fail 2 respond
Patients take medication 2 improve insulin function
Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes
64
Usually a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
Secretes excessive amounts of epinephrine
Symptoms include: anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, hypertension, profuse sweating, headache and nausea
Pheochromocytoma
65
A test 4 thyroid function that measures how much radioactivity tagged iodine is removed from the bloodstream by the thyroid gland
Radioactive iodine uptake
| RAIU
66
A test 2 measure the levels of plasma in the blood
Radioimmunoassay
| RIA
67
Both nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism is 1 cause
Tetany
68
A blood test 2 measure the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone in the bloodstream 2 evaluate thyroid functioning
Thyroid scan
69
Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
Symptoms include: rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos and weight loss
Thyrotoxicosis
