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Medical Terminology > Ch # 15: Endocrinology > Flashcards

Ch # 15: Endocrinology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Maintains homostasis

Includes: 2 adrenal glands, 2 ovaries/testes, 4 parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the pineal gland, the pitutary gland, thymus gland & the thyroid gland

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

Stable internal body environment

A

Homostasis

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3
Q

chemical messengers

A

Horomones

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4
Q

4 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2

A
  • al
  • an
  • ar
  • ic
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5
Q

Suffix meaning puncture 2 w/draw fluid

A

-centesis

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6
Q

Suffix meaning cell

A

-cyte

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7
Q

Suffix meaning thirst

A

-dipsia

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8
Q

Suffix meaning surgical removal

A

-ectomy

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9
Q

Suffix meaning swelling

A

-edema

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10
Q

Suffix meaning blood condition

A

-emia

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11
Q

Suffix meaning state of or condition

A

-ism

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12
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

A

-itis

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13
Q

Suffix meaning 1 who studies

A

-logist

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14
Q

Suffix meaning study of

A

-logy

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15
Q

Suffix meaning softening

A

-malacia

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16
Q

Suffix meaning enlarged

A

-megaly

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17
Q

Suffix meaning resembling

A

-old

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18
Q

Suffix meaning tumor

A

-oma

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19
Q

Suffix meaning abnormal condition

A

-osis

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20
Q

Suffix meaning cutting in2

A

-otomy

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21
Q

Suffix meaning disease

A

-pathy

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22
Q

Suffix meaning surgical fixation

A

-pexy

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23
Q

Suffix meaning surgical repair

A

-plasty

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24
Q

Suffix meaning rupture

A

-rrhexis

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25
Q

Suffix meaning urine condition

A

-uria

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26
Q

Prefix meaning w/in

A

Endo-

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27
Q

Prefix meaning outward

A

Ex-

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28
Q

Prefix meaning excessive

A

Hyper-

29
Q

Prefix meaning insufficient

A

Hypo-

30
Q

Prefix meaning many or much

A

-poly

31
Q

Combining form meaning gland

A group of cells that work 2gether 2 produce and secrete substances like hormones

A

Aden/o

32
Q

2 Combining forms meaning adreanal gland

2 adreanal glands sit on top of each kidney

2 sections: outer- adrenal cortex; secretes aldosterone,cortisol,
estrogen/testosterone
Inner- adrenal medulla; secretes epinephrine/
adrenaline

A

Adren/o

Adrenal/o

33
Q

Combining form meaning 2 secrete

Refers 2 glands releasing substances like horomones

A

Crin/o

34
Q

2 Combining forms meaning sugar but referring 2 glucose

Glucose is the primary sugar used by the body 4 energy production

A

Glyc/o

Glycos/os

35
Q

Combining form meaning ovary

Pair of almond-shaped organs in the female pelvic cavity

Releases ova 4 reproduction & estrogen 2 regulate menstrual cycle

A

Oophor/o

Ovari/o

36
Q

2 Combining forms meaning testes

Pair of oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum

Releases sperm 4 reproduction & testosterone

A

Orchi/o

Testicul/o

37
Q

Combining form meaning pancreas

Located in the abdominal cavity along the lower curvature of the stomach

Secretes insulin & glucagon 2 regulate blood sugar levels

Insulin: raises blood sugar
Glucagon: lowers blood sugar

A

Pancreat/o

38
Q

Combining form meaning parathyroid gland

4 small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Secretes parathyroid hormone 2 raise levels of calcium in blood

A

Parathyroid/o

39
Q

Combining form meaning pineal gland

Small pine coned-shaped gland in the thymus region of the brain

Secreates melatonin which regulates circadian rhythm

A

Pineal/o

40
Q

Combining form meaning pituitary gland

Small marble-shaped gland that hangs down from the underside of the brain

“Master Gland” because it regulates other endocrine glands

Divided in2: Anterior lobe: secretes growth hormone, thyroid-
stimulating hormone, prolactin,
adrenocorticotropin hormone ect…
Posterior lobe: antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

A

Pituitar/o

41
Q

Combining form meaning thymus gland

Located in the mediastinum of the chest, behind the sternum & above the heart

Secretes: thymosin- important 4 immune system develpoment

A

Thym/o

42
Q

2 Combining forms meaning thyroid gland

Located in the neck w/2 lobes on either side of the trachea

Secretes: thyroxine & triiodothyronine- both regulate metabolism
Calcitonin- 2 lower blood calcium levels

A

Thyr/o

Thyroid/o

43
Q

A chronic condition developing in adults w/excessive growth hormone

Results in elongation or enlargement of the bones of the head or extremites

A

Acromegaly

44
Q

The development of secondary sexual characteristics in a male as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenal feminization

45
Q

The development of secondary sexual characteristics in a female as a result of increased androgen secreation by the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenal virilism

46
Q

A blood 2 measure the level of substances in the bloodstream

Used 2 study function of the endocrine glands

A

Blood serum test

47
Q

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that have strong anti-inflammatory action

Can be used 2 treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases

A

Corticosteroids

48
Q

A congenial condition causing the lack of thyroid hormones

Results in poor physical and mental development

A

Creatinism

49
Q

A condition resulting from hyperscretion of the adrenal cortex

Can b caused by an adrenal gland tumor

Symptoms include: weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration and osteoporosis

A

Crushing syndrome

50
Q

A condition caused by an insufficient antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Symptoms include: polyuria and polydipsia

A

Diabetes insipidus

DI

51
Q

The chronic disorder of the sugar metabolism

Symptoms include: hyperglycemia and glycosuria

2 types: insulin dependent (type 1)
                 noninsulin dependent (type 2)
A

Diabetes mellitus

DM

52
Q

Being excessively short in height

Can result from the lack of growth hormone

A

Dwarfism

53
Q

A condition in which the eyeballs protrude

Commonly caused by the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

A

Exophthalmos

54
Q

A blood test that measures the amount of sugar in the bloodstream after a 12 hour fast

A

Fasting blood sugar

FBS

55
Q

The excessive growth of the body due 2 hyperscreation of the growth hormone in a child or teenager

A

Gigantism

56
Q

Test for the initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

The patient is given a dose of glucose then blood samples r taken at regular intervals 2 determine the patients ability 2 use glucose properly

A

Glucose tolerance test

GTT

57
Q

The enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

58
Q

A condition resulting from the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Symptoms include: exophthalmus and goiter

A

Graves disease

59
Q

A chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis

Results in the hypersecreation of thyroid hormones

A

Hashimoto disease

60
Q

The artificial replacement of hormones in patients w/hyposecretion disorders

A

Hormone replacement therepy

61
Q

2 names 4 a type of diabetes that tends 2 develop early in life when the pancreas stops producing insulin

Can b an autoimmune disease

Patient must take insulin injections

A

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM)

Type 1 diabetes

62
Q

a condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in an adult

symptoms include: anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness and mental sluggishness

A

Myxedema

63
Q

2 names 4 a type of diabetes that typically develops late in life

The pancreas produces normal 2 high levels of insulin but cells fail 2 respond

Patients take medication 2 improve insulin function

A

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes

64
Q

Usually a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

Secretes excessive amounts of epinephrine

Symptoms include: anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, hypertension, profuse sweating, headache and nausea

A

Pheochromocytoma

65
Q

A test 4 thyroid function that measures how much radioactivity tagged iodine is removed from the bloodstream by the thyroid gland

A

Radioactive iodine uptake

RAIU

66
Q

A test 2 measure the levels of plasma in the blood

A

Radioimmunoassay

RIA

67
Q

Both nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia

Hypoparathyroidism is 1 cause

A

Tetany

68
Q

A blood test 2 measure the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone in the bloodstream 2 evaluate thyroid functioning

A

Thyroid scan

69
Q

Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Symptoms include: rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos and weight loss

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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